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- AvapH° (CO20) (assumed to be temperature independent): 25.12 kJ mol1 Using the data, calculate the saturated vapor pressure of CO2 at 0°C. To do this, the equation P = f(T) will be established using a relationship that will be recalled and integrated in detail. IV 73.8 (b) (미) Vaporisation 5.1 1 Sublimation -78.5 -56.4 31.1 Température (°C) Pression (bars) Fusion5. At its normal boiling point (337.3 K), methanol (CH3OH) has AvapH = 25.79 kJ/mol, and the densities of its liquid and vapor states at that temperature are 0.7486 g/mL and 0.0.001206 g/mL, respectively. %3D Data from dT (a) Use the Clapeyron equation to determine the value of () for methanol at T = 337.3 K. dP. Report your answer in units of K/bar. (b) Use your result to estimate its boiling point (in K) at a pressure of 2 bars. 3.The mechanical properties of a metal may be improved by incorporating fine particles of its oxide. Given that the moduli of elasticity of the metal and oxide are, respectively, 50 GPa and 380 GPa, what is the (a) upper-bound, and (b) lower-bound modulus of elasticity values (in GPa) for a composite that has a composition of 0.59 vol% of oxide particles. (a) GPa (b) i GPa
- 17. (6) For the stretching of an ideal rubber band using a force F over a distance L, the 1st law of thermodynamics is dU=TdS+FdL. Which Maxwell relation can be derived from this expression? A) ()- - B) ()- - D) )-). ӘF as ƏLF C)3. One mole of liquid water at 100 °C is heated until the liquid is converted entirely to vapor at 100 °C and 1 atm pressure. Calculate q, w, AE and AH for each of the following. (a) The vaporization is carried out in a cylinder where the external pressure on the piston is maintained at 1 atm throughout. (b) The cylinder is first expanded against vacuum (Pext = 0) to the same volume as in part (a), and then sufficient heat is added to vaporize the liquid completely to 1 atm pressure.From a thermal point of view, indicate what happens if common salt is added to ground ice.(A). Practically nothing, because sodium chloride is insoluble at such a low temperature.(B). The temperature will drop, and a really low temperature can be reached.(C). If the salt that is added is at ambient T, it will transfer heat to the ice and in all cases the T of the ice will increase and the T of the salt will decrease.(D). The temperature will rise, due to the phenomenon known as "cryoscopic increase in the melting point"
- 5(a) The Joule-Thomson experiment (JTE) is an example of an isenthalpic process i) Define an isenthalpic process. (1 mark) ii) Show using thermodynamic functions that JTE is isenthalpic. (4 marks) iii) Briefly explain what happens when the Joule-Thomson coefficient is zero. (3 marks) (b) i) Sketch a reversed Carnot cycle for a refrigeration system (2 marks) Describe the stages of the cycle in b (i) and write down the expression for q, w ii) and AU for each. (6 marks)5) How many phases are present in the following systems? Also define each of the terminologies associated with the phase diagram. Cu(s) + H2O(g) CuO(s) + H2 (g) NH,C1 NH3 + HCI (3); ZnSO4 . 3H2O(s) + 2H2O(g) (s) (g) ZnSO4. 5H2O(s)A quantitative theory of bonding in ionic crystals was developed by Born and Meyer along the following lines: the total force of the system is taken to be: ae² F(r) = N-NA where N is number of positive - negative ion pairs, A and n are constant determined from experiment and at the Madelung constant which depends on the crystal structure of the solid. 1) Derive an expression of the total potential energy and identify the repulsion and the attraction terms. 2) Derive an expression of the equilibrium interatomic distance, re 3) Derive an expression of the bonding energy. 4) if the charge of the ions is double, by what factor both the equilibrium interatomic spacing ro and the bonding energy U(ro) change. Indicate which parameter increase or decrease. Comment on the magnitude of the change of both parameters.
- Which of the following is true for a nonspontaneous process? (d is for delta) 1.dH>TdS 2.dH<TdS 3.dH=TdS(b) (1) (ii) What is the difference between a triple point and a critical point on a phase diagram? Pressure (atm) (not to scale] 95 1.00 0.12 C 3 B 13 89 Temperature (°C) [not to scale] 183 1 Draw the phase diagram above and label with an arrow to represent all process that occur in the diagram. Identify each of the process either endothermic or exothermic reaction. Describe all the process that occur in the following path (1-2-3-4).Is the following statement correct?