2. Explain the relative rates of hydrolysis for these acetals: MeO OMe 105 : 1

The delocalization energy of an ester is about 10 kcal/mol, and the delocalization energy of an amide isabout 18 kcal/mol.

The PKa of p-nitrophenol is 7.15. Would you expect this to dissolve in a sodium bicarbonate solution? The PKa of 2,5-dinitrophenol is 5.15. Will it dissolve in bicarbonate solution?

Complete each acid-base reaction and predict whether the position of equilibrium lies toward the left or toward the right. (a) CH3CCH+CH3CH2ONa+CH3CH3OH (b) CH3CCCH2CH2OH+Na+NH2NH3(l)

Acetals are formed from the reaction of two alcohols with a carbonyl under acidic conditions. Acetal formation is faster with 1,2-ethanediol than with two methanol molecules. Choose the factor that explains the difference in reaction rates. A) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a lower AH (enthalpy) of reaction. B) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a higher AH (enthalpy) of reaction. C) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a more favorable entropy of reaction.

Explain why pentane-2,4-dione forms two different alkylation products (A or B) when the number of equivalents of base is increased from one to two.

Write a stepwise reaction mechanism for the following sequence of reactions. No 1) O Ph CI 2) KCN/H,O CN N

4) Answer the following questions about aldehydes and ketones a. Draw the curved arrow mechanism to show how the acetal is hydrolyzed ( pts) H₂O+ HO OH

4. Aldehydes and ketones can be “protected" as acetals and ketals. Complete the following outlined reactions, showing how the protection is accomplished, and what results after deprotection. MgCI 1) 2) HO* deprotection here

Use curved arrows to illustrate the stepwise mechanism for the following reaction. Show the intermediate after each step. ENSURE THAT YOUR MECHANISM IS KINETICALLY THE FASTEST ОН H3O* OH