Answered: 3. Describe how the NADH produced in…

3. Describe how the NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis is able to feed electrons into the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305073951

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter7: How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6SQ: Which of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration? a....

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3. Describe how the NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis is able to feed electrons into the
mitochondrial electron-transport chain.

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Step 1: Explaining why NADH produced in cytosol cannot cross mitochondria

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Step 2: Explaining malate aspartate shuttle

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Step 3: Explaining glycerol phosphate shuttle

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2. Mitochondria isolated from bovine cardiac muscle, when subjected to sonication, form closed mem- brane vesicles containing the electron transport catalysts and the ATP synthase enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A diagrammatic representation of these electron transport particles retaining the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation is given below. NADH NAD+ ( ATP tion? H₂O ADP 1/202 NADH Q₁H₂ NAD+ Q₁ Complex I Complex III ADP Complex IV ATP In the diagram protein complexes colored gray indicate that they are inhibited while complexes colored red, green, etc. are catalytically active. Complex II (a)( In Panel A indicate which side of the membrane vesicle faced the matrix and which side faced the intermembrane space prior to sonication. During coupled substrate oxidation which compart- ment will be of higher pH and which of lower pH. (b) For the system in Panel A, sonication of mitochondria was carried out in the presence of an excess of ferricytochrome c (i.e., the…
2. Mitochondria isolated from bovine cardiac muscle, when subjected to sonication, form closed mem- brane vesicles containing the electron transport catalysts and the ATP synthase enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A diagrammatic representation of these electron transport particles retaining the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation is given below. NADH NAD+ H₂O tion? 1/202 Q₁H₂ NADH- NAD+ Complex I Complex III ADP Complex IV Complex II ATP ADP ATP In the diagram protein complexes colored gray indicate that they are inhibited while complexes colored red, green, etc. are catalytically active. (a) In Panel A indicate which side of the membrane vesicle faced the matrix and which side faced the intermembrane space prior to sonication. During coupled substrate oxidation which compart- ment will be of higher pH and which of lower pH. (b) For the system in Panel A, sonication of mitochondria was carried out in the presence of an excess of ferricytochrome c (i.e., the heme…
10. Using either the Oxidative Phosphorylation stage of cellular respiration or the Cytochrome complex of photosynthesis, DIAGRAM AND EXPLAIN how electron transport chains function and are used to generate ATP in plants and animals. Make sure to supply sufficient detail to clearly convey your understanding of the process/mechanism.
1. When combined with the electron transport chain, ONE turn of the citric acid cycle produces ___________ATP. The citric acid cycle is shown below. 2. When all the NADH coenzymes generated from ONE turn of the citric acid cycle enter the electron transport chain, how many ATP molecules are produced?
17. What is the Net total of ATP made during Electron Transport?18. What is the Net total of ATP made during the entire process of Cellular Respiration?19. What are the supermolecules NADH and FADH2 needed for?20. Which of the 3 processes will NADH and FADH2 be utilized?
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9. Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pH. Actively respiring mitochondria are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without oxygen? (A) The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen. (B) Electron transport is reduced in the absence of a plasma membrane. (C) In the absence of oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation produces more ATP than does fermentation. (D) In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis produces more ATP than in the absence of oxygen.
1. A toxin that inhibits the establishment of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane would cause the following result: ATP synthase would be unable to produce ATP. Substrate-level phosphorylation would be inhibited. Pyruvate would be unable to enter the TCA cycle. NADH would be oxidized. Fermentation could not occur.
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