3. Environmental Science & Technology (1993) reported on a study of contaminated soil in The Netherlands. Seventy-two 400-grams soil specimens were sampled, dried, and analyzed for the contaminant cyanide. The cyanide concentration (in mg/kg) of each soil specimen was determined using an infrared microscopic method. The sample resulted in a mean cyanide level of 84 mg/kg. Assume o = 80 mg/kg. Test the hypothesis that the true mean cyanide level in soil in The Netherlands does not exceed 100 mg/kg. Use a significance level of 0.01.
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- Periodically, the county Water Department tests the drinking water of homeowners for contaminants such as lead and copper. The lead and copper levels in water specimens collected in 1998 for a sample of 10 residents of a subdevelopement of the county are shown below. lead (g/L) copper (mg/L) 2.9 0.2 5.1 4.2 5.5 1.2 0.3 1.3 4.9 1.7 0.133 0.774 0.214 0.671 0.444 0.234 0.357 0.761 0.176 0.888 (a) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean lead level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. OSASO (b) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean copper level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. ≤H≤1.56 Longleaf pine trees. The Wade Tract in Thomas County, Georgia, is an old-growth forest of longleaf pine trees (Pinus palustris) that has survived in a relatively undisturbed state since before the settlement of the area by Europeans. A study collected data on 584 of these trees. One of the variables measured was the diameter at breast height (DBH). This is the diameter of the tree at 4.5 feet, and the units are centimeters (cm). Only trees with DBH greater than 1.5 cm were sampled. Here are the diameters of a random sample of 40 of these trees: PINES 27 10.5 13.3 26.0 18.3 52.2 9.2 26.1 17.6 40.5 31.8 47.2 11.4 2.7 69.3 44.4 16.9 35.7 5.4 44.2 2.2 4.3 7.8 38.1 2.2 11.4 51.5 4.9 39.7 32.6 51.8 43.6 2.3 44.6 31.5 40.3 22.3 43.3 37.5 29.1 27.9 (a) Find the five-number summary for these data. (b) Make a boxplot. (c) Make a histogram. (d) Write a short summary of the major features of this distribution. Do you prefer the boxplot or the histogram for these data?For each of the questions 1-4, answer the following (a-h are steps in a Hypothesis Test, see page 376 of your ebook). For steps f and g do both the p-value method and the critical value method: a) Claim in English: b) Claim in Symbolic Form: c) Null and Alternate Hypothesis: d) Significance Level: e) Test Statistic: f) Find Values: g) Make a Decision: h) Restate the Decision in Nontechnical Terms: i) If this is a statistically significant result, is it also a practically significant result?
- A sociologist wants to determine if the life expectancy of people in Africa is less than the life expectancy of people in Asia. The data obtained is shown in the table below. Africa Asia = 63.3 yr. 1 X,=65.2 yr. 2 o, = 9.1 yr. = 7.3 yr. n1 = 120 = 150Periodically, the county Water Department tests the drinking water of homeowners for contaminants such as lead and copper. The lead and copper levels in water specimens collected in 1998 for a sample of 10 residents of a subdevelopement of the county are shown below. lead (μμg/L) copper (mg/L) 4.4 0.643 2.4 0.57 1.5 0.46 2.6 0.895 5.9 0.2 3.4 0.54 3.8 0.245 1.6 0.583 5.7 0.769 1.7 0.215 (a) Construct a 9999% confidence interval for the mean lead level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. ≤μ≤Periodically, the county Water Department tests the drinking water of homeowners for contminants such as lead and copper. The lead and copper levels in water specimens collected in 1998 for a sample of 10 residents of a subdevelopement of the county are shown below. lead (?μg/L) copper (mg/L) 3.33.3 0.6280.628 3.33.3 0.2930.293 0.30.3 0.7830.783 4.74.7 0.1950.195 55 0.3780.378 1.41.4 0.2330.233 0.90.9 0.1010.101 0.90.9 0.6980.698 3.63.6 0.80.8 1.21.2 0.7610.761 (a) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean lead level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. _____≤μ≤_____ (b) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean copper level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. ______≤μ≤______
- How sensitive to changes in water temperature are coral reefs? To find out, scientists examined data on sea surface temperatures, in degrees Celsius, and mean coral growth, in centimeters per year, over a several‑year period at locations in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The table shows the data for the Gulf of Mexico. Sea surface temperature 26.726.7 26.626.6 26.626.6 26.526.5 26.326.3 26.126.1 Growth 0.850.85 0.850.85 0.790.79 0.860.86 0.890.89 0.920.92 (b) Find the correlation ?r step by step. Round off to two decimals places in each step. First, find the mean and standard deviation of each variable. Then, find the six standardized values for each variable. Finally, use the formula for ?r . Round your answer to three decimal places.Periodically, the county Water Department tests the drinking water of homeowners for contaminants such as lead and copper. The lead and copper levels in water specimens collected in 1998 for a sample of 10 residents of a subdevelopement of the county are shown below. lead (μμg/L) copper (mg/L) 4.44.4 0.6430.643 2.42.4 0.570.57 1.51.5 0.460.46 2.62.6 0.8950.895 5.95.9 0.20.2 3.43.4 0.540.54 3.83.8 0.2450.245 1.61.6 0.5830.583 5.75.7 0.7690.769 1.71.7 0.2150.215 (a) Construct a 9999% confidence interval for the mean lead level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. ≤μ≤≤μ≤ (b) Construct a 9999% confidence interval for the mean copper level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. ≤μ≤≤μ≤Periodically, the county Water Department tests the drinking water of homeowners for contminants such as lead and copper. The lead and copper levels in water specimens collected in 1998 for a sample of 10 residents of a subdevelopement of the county are shown below. lead (μμg/L) copper (mg/L) 4.44.4 0.4840.484 2.72.7 0.0760.076 5.35.3 0.5950.595 3.33.3 0.1280.128 5.55.5 0.4690.469 1.71.7 0.4060.406 0.40.4 0.8480.848 0.70.7 0.0220.022 44 0.860.86 2.82.8 0.4250.425 (a) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean lead level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. blank≤μ≤blank (b) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean copper level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. blank≤μ≤blank
- Sulfur compounds cause "off-odors" in wine, and winemakers want to know the odor threshold – the lowest concentration of a compound that the human nose can detect. The odor threshold for dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in trained wine tasters is about 25 micrograms per liter of wine (µg/L). The untrained noses of consumers may be less sensitive, however. A set of DMS odor threshold data for 10 untrained students was analyzed. How sensitive are the untrained noses of students? You want to estimate the mean DMS odor threshold among all students, and you would be satisfied to estimate the mean to within ±0.25 with 95% confidence. The standard deviation of the odor threshold for untrained noses is known to be o = 8 micrograms per liter of wine. How large an SRS of untrained students do you need? Give your answer rounded up to the nearest whole number. n = IncorrectThe amount of pollution produced by cars was measured for cars using gasoline containing different amounts of lead. A. Independent B. DependentSamples are collected from the River X and pH values are observed. 9 different pH values are listed in table 3. Table 3 Concentrations 4.2 Draw box plot and find a. Bowley's coefficient of skewness b. Karl Pearson's coefficient of skewness c. Third moment 3.8 6.0 3.5 8.1 4.9 4.1 3.2 4.0