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- Thin layer chromatography : When placed on a plate, the silica gel has a polar surface. Explain why. What intermolecular forces can form between the silica and the reference molecules? Name them.How are solvents chosen for recrystallization? (single solvent or mixed-solvent system).What are the properties of a good solvent system? How are crystals collected?1. Cite one factor that affects percent yield during recrystalization. 2. Discuss the importance of solvent-solvent partition in separating mixtures.
- In order to perform a recrystallization using a mixed-solvent system to dissolve your impure solid. Which of the following could not be used as solvent pairs for such a crystallization? Why could you not use that pair? Which pair would you use and why? A) Water and Diethyl ether B) Water and Ethanol C) Hexane and Diethyl EtherOne of the problems that can be encountered in recrystallization is the failure of the solute to crystallize. In which of the following scenarios could that happen? a. Cooling the filtrate in an ice bath. b. Using a wide bore, long-stemmed funnel in the hot filtration step. c. Addition of too much water in the receiving flask. d. Washing the residue with cold solventWhy is flameless heating used for heating a solution in hexane or diethyl ether during a recrystallization? Why should the size of crystals obtained in a recrystallization be neither too large nor too small?
- Which statement about liquid-liquid extraction is not correct? * A- A solvent must be available that is miscible with the solution containing the substance to be extracted. B- The solvent used for extraction must have a good ability to dissolve the desired substance. C- The denser solution forms the bottom layer in the extraction funnel. D- The extraction funnel must be vented during the extraction procedure to prevent excessive build-up of pressure inside the extraction funnel. E- All these statements are correct.1. Explain the importance of using a thermometer in the simple distillation setup. 2. Enumerate the characteristics of a substance for it to be separated from the heterogeneous mixture by steam distillation. 3. How does steam facilitate the distillation of essential oils? 4. Discuss some applications of simple distillation and steam distillation. Explain why you can use each method for the chosen application. 5. What is the most dominant intermolecular forces of attraction that exist between: a. water and limonene, the major monoterpene component of lemon essential oil? b. water and constituent ions of sodium chloride? 6. Based on your answers in number 5, which pair (water-limonene or water-sodium chloride) exhibits a stronger attraction between their molecules/ions? 7. Describe what happens during the salting-out process in terms of the intermolecular forces of attraction involved as mentioned in your previous answers.Fill in the blanks: a) The component of the mixture that becomes a water soluble salt by treating the two component mixture with sodium hydroxide solution has the highest _______________. b) The lower phase in equipment used for liquid-liquid extraction in a water-dichloromethane mixture is_____________, because _______________. c) The component of the mixture that becomes a water-soluble salt is the one with the greatest ______________
- The goal of recrystallization is to obtain the maximum amount of pure material. Explain what effect each of the following mistakes would have on the success of a recrystallization. NOTE: Write complete sentences when answering the questions! Don't just answer "increase" or "decrease"! Provide an explanation to justify your answer! а. Too much solvent was used. What is the effect on the amount of recrystallized material? b. Too little solvent was used. What is the effect on the purity of the recrystallized material?is water a good solvent for recrystallization for acetanilide based on the image?Why the Refractive Index of hexane and heptane from simple distillation closer to the refractive index of hexane and heptane from fractional distillation?