4.The interaction of Vitamin D3 with lipid membranes may be studied using different techniques. Oneapproach is to evaluate its effect on the thermotropic phase transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine(DPPC) multilamellar vesicles using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).HOVitamin D3(d)Briefly describe another technique you can use to study the interaction of Vitamin D3 withlipid membranes. Include in your answer a sketch of expected results of your experiment.

A class of fat-soluble secosteroids is called vitamin D3 .Vitamin D3 is a kind of vitamin D that is…

Answered: 4. The interaction of Vitamin D3 with…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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1.Why do you think glutathione occurs in a concentration as high as glucose? 2.Explain why glutathione must be transported from cytosol to mitochondria. 3.Explain why glutathione can confer therapeutic benefit when taken orally.
a. From experimental data obtained in Figure 1, construct a plot and equation that determines the rate constant, kM, of the MOX activity in conditions A and B of growth culture of H. polymorpha on methanol. Justify the selection of plot and findings. b. From the data behaviour presented in Figure 1, describe the enzymatic activity of MOX. What factors may influence the enzymatic activity of MOX at different condition batch cultures of H. polymorpha.
1. The optimal conditions for salivary lysozyme (hydrolyzing glycoproteins ofbacterial wall) are 37 C- temperature and pH is 5.2. Explain the decrease in this enzyme activity if the temperature will rise up to 60 °C and pH will be changed to 8.0. To answer the question: a) draw the graph of the velocity dependency on temperature and pH; b) calculate the relative enzyme activity if 10 mg of lysozyme catalyzes the formation of 5 uM of the product per 2 minutes. 2 Consider the matic reaction schee: Asnaragine + H20 Aspartate+ NH3:
1. Write the over all equation of formation of one palmitate molecule via condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions.. Single line text. 2. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.. Single line text.
1, For EACH of the following enzyme categories, (1) describe what the general function of the enzyme is; (2) identify a SPECIFIC enzyme in glycolysis that performs this function; and (3) identify the names of the organic substrate and product for the specific enzyme identified. Remember that the name of the category need not appear in the actual name of the enzyme. A. First enzyme category: kinase (answer (1), (2), and (3) B. Second enzyme category: dehydrogenase (answer (1), (2), and (3) C. Third enzyme category: isomerase (answer (1), (2), and (3)
5. The diagram on the right illustrates experimental results taken from a publication by Peter Mitchell. Intact rat liver mitochondria were sus- pended in an anaerobic, isotonic KCI solution buffered to pH 7.2 with dilute glycylglycine. The pH of the suspension was monitored with a special, fast acting pH electrode, as illustrated on the right. An aliquot of 3-hydroxy-butyrate solution was added to a final concentration of 2 mM together with a pulse of O2. No other reagents were added prior to addition of the uncoupler FCCP indicated by the red arrow. (a) Under these experimental conditions in which mitochon- drial compartment is the proton concentration being monitored. Ex- plain. (b) When 3-hydroxybutyrate has been supplemented to the mitochondrial suspension, is the rate of respiration supported by substrate oxidation maximal or resting prior to addition of the un- coupler? Explain. (c) Does the pH of the medium increase or decrease upon addition of the uncoupler? Explain.…
Flavonoid undergoes phase II metabolic conversion as it passage through the small intestinal enterocytes and the liver before it is delivered to the general circulation to be available for use by the body.1. What is phase II metabolism?2. Which polyphenol metabolites can be formed?3. How does this affect the biological activity of polyphenols (in the body)?
3. b. If chymotrypsin is treated with disopropylfluorophosphate, catalysis cannot occur even in the presence of excess substrate concentration. Is this Inhibltion reversible or Irreversible?. Dilsopropylfluorophosphate Hyd
1. What are the effects of pH and temperature to catalase? What is the optimum pH and optimum temperature for catalase? 2. Explain why the rate of reaction initially increases with increase in temperature then gradually declines as the temperature is further increased. 3. Is the rate of enzymatic reaction always directly dependent on enzyme concentration? Explain. 4. Explain the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. 5. What is the effect of CuSO, on the enzymatic activity of catalase? 6. Is CuSO4 an activator or inhibitor? If it is an inhibitor, what kind of inhibitor is it?
What is the principle of LAP? Question 3 options: A) phosphatase activity liberates naphthol and immediately coupled with a diazonium salt which forms an insoluble, visible pigment at sites of phosphatase activity B) naphthol couples with fast garnet and forms insoluble maroon deposits at sites of enzyme activity C) peroxidase present in the primary granules of the granulocytic line transfers hydrogen from various dye substrates to hydrogen peroxidase which yields a colored derivative of the dye which is localized at the site of the enzyme activity D) ferric iron deposits in tissue (present mostly as ferric iron within the storage proteinferritin) then react with the soluble ferrocyanide in the stain
1. Demonstrate your understanding whether carrier-free biocatalysts should or should not be considered as good biocatalysts. You discussion must be in detail and related to biocatalysis. You can provide detail explanation or provide example. 2. Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms. Relate their similarities and differences to applications in biocatalysis. Zymonomas sp. and Saccharomyces sp.
5. Treatment of the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia by statins (pravastatin, for instants) allows to decrease cholesterol levels in blood up to the normal range. Explain the statin action on the cholesterol metabolism. For that: a) draw the scheme of the cholesterol synthesis, indicate the key enzyme of the pathway; b) name all mechanisms of the key enzyme regulation and statin's action; c) describe the structure of LDL receptor and its function in cholesterol metabolism; d) explain the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia and the symptoms of the disease.

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