6. Assume height in a particular plant to be determined by 2 pairs of unlinked polygenes, each effective allele contributing 5 cm. to a base height of 5 cm. The cross AABB x aabb is made. Solution What are the heights of each parent? What height is to be expected in the F1 if there are no environmental effects? What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2? If each pair of alleles exhibited complete dominance instead of an additive effect, what would be the answers in letters a to c?
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- The dominant C allele of a gene that controls color in corn produces kernels with color; plants homozygous for a recessive c allele of this gene have colorless or white kernels. What kinds of gametes, and in what proportions, would be produced by the plants in the following crosses? What seed color, and in what proportions, would be expected in the offspring of the crosses? a. CCCc b. Cccc c. CcCc1. Use the following information to answer the question: Parental cross is RrYy x RrYy Seed Shapes are R-round, r-wrinkled Seed colors are Y-yellow, y-green Based on the information given, what is the phenotype ratio of the offspring of this cross? 2. A pea plant heterozygous for height and seed color (TtYy) is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for height but homozygous recessive for seed color (Ttyy). If 80 offspring are produced, how many are expected to be tall and have yellow seeds? 3. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? How does this theory explain Mendel's results? 4. A cross between two organisms heterozygous for two different genes (AaBb) results in a 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio among the offspring. Is the offspring's genotype ratio the same? Explain your answer.…1. P is a dominant allele for purple flowers and p is the recessive allele that causes white flowers. The following cross is performed: Pp x pp. What percentage of offspring would you expect to have white flowers? 2. In peas, T (tall) is dominant to t (dwarf). A homozygous dominant plant is crossed to a heterozygous plant. What is the expected outcome for the genotype ratio of offspring from this cross? What percentage of offspring would you expect to be tall? 3. In peas, Y (yellow seeds) is dominant to y (green seeds) and R (round seeds) is dominant to r (wrinkled seeds). The following cross is performed: YYRr x yyrr. What is the expected phenotype ratio of the offspring?
- 1. The height of a wheat plant is determined by several genes. In a variety the minimum size is 12 inches and the maximum is 24 inches. 12-inch plants were crossed with 18-inch plants, and produced an 18-inch F1. The F1 was allowed to cross each other, and an F2 was obtained in which the 12 and 24 inch plants were obtained with a frequency of 2/8195. How many genes are involved in determining plant size in this variety of wheat? Select one: a. 5b. 6c. 4d. 34. What are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of the F1 generation if the P generation consisted of the following cross: a plant that is homozygous dominant for flower color and homozygous dominant for pod color was crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for flower color and homozygous dominant for pod color? Dominant for flower color – P (purple) Recessive for flower color = p (white) Dominant for pod color =G (green) Recessive for pod color = g (yellow) %3D P1: PP X GG Рр X GG PG PG PG PG PG PPGG PPGG PPGG PPGG PG PPGG PPGG PPGG PPGG PPGG PPGG Pp pG PPGG PpGG PPGG PpGG Genotypes: Phenotypes: Genotypic Ratio: Phenotypic 田1. Alleles of the gene that determines seed coat patternsin lentils can be organized in a dominance series:marbled > spotted = dotted (codominant alleles) >clear. A lentil plant homozygous for the marbled seedcoat pattern allele was crossed to one homozygous forthe spotted pattern allele. In another cross, a homozygous dotted lentil plant was crossed to one homozygous for clear. An F1 plant from the first cross wasthen mated to an F1 plant from the second cross.a. What phenotypes in what proportions are expectedfrom this mating between the two F1 types?b. What are the expected phenotypes of the F1 plantsfrom the two original parental crosses?
- 8. Kernel color in wheat is controlled by 2 pairs of genes (AABB). Determine the color of the offspring with the following genotypes: (Note: 4 contributing alleles – red; 3 contributing alleles – medium red; 2 contributing alleles – intermediate red; 1 contributing allele – red; and 0 – white AAbb x AaBb AABb x Aabb aaBb x Aabb AABb x aabb AABb x AaBb A wheat plant producing medium red seed is crossed with another plant producing intermediate red seed (refer to problem no. 8). How many individuals will be? Red Medium red Intermediate red Light red White2. The height of a wheat plant is determined by several genes. In a variety the minimum size is 12 inches and the maximum is 24 inches. 12-inch plants were crossed with 18-inch plants, and produced an 18-inch F1. The F1 was allowed to cross each other, and an F2 was obtained in which the 12 and 24 inch plants were obtained with a frequency of 2/8195. How much does each ALELO contribute to the size of the plant? Select one: a. 3 inchesb. 2 inchesc. 1 inch1. Complete the Punnett square for a cross between a homozygous red-flowered snapdragon (RR) and a homozygous white-flowered snapdragon (WW). Give the ratio for the phenotype and the genotype. Key F1 Genotypic Ratio: RR – red Phenotypic Ratio: wW- white RW- pink 2. Complete the Punnett Square for a cross between two Fi plants (WW). Give the phenotypic ratio for the F2 generation. F2 Phenotypic ratio: 3. Cite some possible applications of genetics to plant breeding.
- 1. In the milotypes of wheat, 4 recessive genes for height have been identified. They have been designated as h1, h2, h3, and h4. A plant homozygous recessive for these 4 pairs of genes is 21inches tall, while a plant homozygous dominant for these 4 pairs of genes is 45 inches tall. Assume that these alleles contribute quantitatively, cumulative and equally for the height difference. A plant breeder crossed plants with genotypes of H1H1H2H2h3h3h4h4 and h1h1h2h2h3h3H4H4. Both F1 and F2 generations were observed. a. What are the heights of the parents? b. What would be the heights of the F1 plants? c. Enumerate the range of heights that you can expect in the F2 generation. Also, indicate the expected number of plants of each height. d. What would be the expected mean height of the F2 progeny?9. In con, normal kernel are dominant to waxy kernels. If you crossed a waxy kernel plant to a heterozygous normal plant what type of seeds would be produced? Normal kernels (N), waxy kernel (n) Genotype: Nn, nn Phenotype: Normal kernels and waxy kernels Genotypic Ratio: 1:1 Phenotypic Ratio: 1:12. 3 1. In radishes, flower color may be red, purple, or white. The edible portion of the radish may be long or oval. When only flower color is studied, no dominance is evident, and red x white crosses yield all purple. Determine the appropriate allele symbols and indicate which genotypes lead to which a. phenotypes. b. If the F1 purple plants described above are interbred, what will be the genotype and phenotype ratios in the F2 generation? C. Regarding radish shape, long is dominant to oval in the typical Mendelian fashion. What will be the phenotype ratios in the F2 generation of a cross between a true-breeding red, long radish and a white, oval radish?