(8) B-ketothiolase is a multifunctional enzyme in lipid catabolism. Which of the following is NOT one ofits functions?(A) It catalyzes the release of (2) acetyl CoA from acetoacetyl CoA during ketolysis.(B) It removes an acetyl CoA from the fatty acyl chain during B-oxidation.(C) It forms acetoacetate by removing acetyl CoA from HMG CoA during ketogenesis.(D) It condenses (2) acetyl CoA molecules to form acetoacetyl CoA during ketogenesis.(9) What is HMG-COA, in the context of fatty acid catabolism?(A) a product of fatty acid oxidation(B) a ketone body made in liver cells(C) a 6-carbon precursor to the acetoacetate ketone body(D) a 4-carbon precursor to the acetoacetate ketone body(E) a product formed when the B-hydroxybutyrate ketone body is oxidized in brain cells(10) Which of the following symptoms might you expect to see in a patient with defective acyl CoAdehydrogenase under fasting conditions?(A) slowed gluconeogenesis in liver(B) hypoglycemia(C) elevated glycogen content in liver(D) ketoacidosis(E) slowed glycolysis in muscle and brain

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(8) B-ketothiolase is a multifunctional enzyme in lipid catabolism. Which of the following is NOT one of its functions? (A) It catalyzes the release of (2) acetyl CoA from acetoacetyl CoA during ketolysis. (B) It removes an acetyl CoA from the fatty acyl chain during B-oxidation. (C) It forms acetoacetate by removing acetyl CoA from HMG COA during ketogenesis. (D) It condenses (2) acetyl CoA molecules to form acetoacetyl CoA during ketogenesis.

(8) B-ketothiolase is a multifunctional enzyme in lipid catabolism. Which of the following is NOT one of its functions? (A) It catalyzes the release of (2) acetyl CoA from acetoacetyl CoA during ketolysis. (B) It removes an acetyl CoA from the fatty acyl chain during B-oxidation. (C) It forms acetoacetate by removing acetyl CoA from HMG COA during ketogenesis. (D) It condenses (2) acetyl CoA molecules to form acetoacetyl CoA during ketogenesis.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is...

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Which of the following lipid metabolism enzymes would be functioning in liver during a fast? Choose ALL that apply. (A) acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (B) acyl CoA synthetase(C) acyl CoA dehydrogenase (D) ATP citrate lyase (E) b-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (F) b-ketoacyl synthase (G) carnitine acyltransferase 1(H) monoacylglycerol lipase(I) succinyl CoA:acetoacetate CoA transferase
How many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced by catabolism of the following fatty acids, and how many b oxidations are needed?(a) Palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOH(b) Lignoceric acid, CH3(CH2)22COOH
To oxidize the fatty acid molecule shown below, what enzyme(s) are needed in addition to the enzymes needed for beta - oxidation? A) 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase only B) enoyl-CoA isomerase only C) both enoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase D) No additional enzymes are needed besides the normal ones for beta - oxidation. CH3(CH2)3-CH=CH-(CH2)3-C-0° по
Will an amino acid be glucogenic or ketogenic if it is catabolized to the following molecules?(a) Phosphoenolpyruvate(b) -Ketoglutarate (c) Succinyl-CoA(d) Acetyl-CoA(e) Oxaloacetate(f) Acetoacetate
Consider the reactions of ketogenesis. (a) What role does acetyl-CoA play?(b) How many acetyl-CoA molecules are used in the production of the ketonebodies?(c) What is the essential role of ketone bodies during prolonged starvation?
Consider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.
The fatty acid 5,8-cis-pentadecanoic acid (CH3-(CH3)5-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)3-COOH) is subjected to B-oxidation. (a) Indicate the steps involved in its oxidation to acetyl-CoA and/or other products (NADH, FADH2, etc.). (b) What are the products (and quantities) of its complete oxidation (acetyl-CoA, N ADH, FADH2, etc.)? Be sure that you make clear the source of these products.
(i) A patient who is diagnosed with thiamine deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps. The muscle cramps have been related to an accumulation of pyruvate and a- ketoglutarate. Explain the role of thiamine in this case. (ii) Lipoate is synthesized in human from carbohydrate and amino acids. It does not require a vitamin precursor. In the absence of lipoate, there is reduced production of acetyl-CoA, Provide reasons for this observation.
1) Humans do not undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl- CoA, yet carbons of acetyl -CoA can be incorporated into glucose and amino acids. Show pathways as to how this can happen. 2) A molecule -X inhibits oxidation of stearoyl-CoA by isolated mitochondria but has no effect on palmitoyl-carnitine oxidation, explain.
(i) Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. If [2-H] acetyl-CoA labeled with deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen and excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, where will you find these labeled deuterium atoms in a molecule of palmitate synthesized? Explain. S-COA (ii) Describe the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitic acid starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.
The following link carbohydrate metabolism with lipid biosynthesis: (a) How many molecules of glucose are required to provide the carbon for synthesis of one molecule of palmitate? (b) How many molecules of glucose are required if all of the glucose first proceeds through the pentose phosphate pathway before proceeding through the rest of glycolysis on its way to pyruvate?
D) Carbohydrate catabolism involves substrate-level phosphorylation. E) My answer is not here 27. The adduct acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein is formed as an intermediate during fatty acid biosynthesis. The CO2 used to synthesize malonyl-S-CoA is lost. Would this help make the reaction more or less energetically favorable? A) Loss of CO2 increases entropy (AS) and therefore decreases the favorability of the reaction (AG). B) Loss of CO2 has no effect on entropy (AS) and therefore does not affect the favorability of the reaction (AG). C) Loss of CO2 increases entropy (AS) and therefore increases the favorability of the reaction (AG). D) Loss of CO2 decreases entropy (AS) and therefore decreases the favorability of the reaction (AG). E) Loss of CO2 decreases entropy (AS) and therefore increases the favorability of the reaction (AG).