96. An investigator is studying the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in an experimental animal model. Which of the following describes the most likelyorder of events during this process?0000000200602H)Myosin Light ChainPhosphorylation1223344Binding of Calciumto Calmodulin3142423Myosin Light ChainDephosphorylation23434212Calcium EntryInto the Cell42311131

Smooth muscles are the non-striated muscles which are found in all the internal hollow body organs…

96. An investigator is studying the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in an experimental animal model. Which of the following describes the most likely order of events during this process? 0000000 2666 G) H) Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Binding of Calcium to Calmodulin 3 1 4 2 4 2 Myosin Light Chain Dephosphorylation 2 3 4 3 4 2 1 Calcium Entry Into the Cell 4 2 3 1 3

96. An investigator is studying the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in an experimental animal model. Which of the following describes the most likely order of events during this process? 0000000 2666 G) H) Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Binding of Calcium to Calmodulin 3 1 4 2 4 2 Myosin Light Chain Dephosphorylation 2 3 4 3 4 2 1 Calcium Entry Into the Cell 4 2 3 1 3

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter10: Muscle Tissue

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ILQ: Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video...

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3.4. About human skeletal muscle contraction, what are the correct statements? PHYSIOLOGY_basic (OJO) A muscle fiber is made by the parallel apposition of sarcomers. Generation of force relies on the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. In the process of contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required both to drive the actin-myosin association-dissociation cycle and to recycle calcium back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Each muscle fiber is innervated by one neuron only. T tubules are plasma membrane invaginations of the sarcolemma that allow excitation-contraction coupling.
Select ALL that could cause muscle cramping (a sustained muscle contraction) in skeletal muscle: OHyperexcitability of somatic motor neurons (secreting too much Ach) Botulism poisoning, which prevents Ach secretion from somatic motor neurons O Myasthenia Gravis, in which antibodies block Ach receptors at the motor end plate, preventing Ach from binding O Hypocalcemia, in which the calcium pumps of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are unable to keep Ca2+ inside the SR (allowing Ca2+ to leak into the cytoplasm)
Now in your own words, EXPLAIN (1) howa neural impulse is transferred to a muscle cell this is the process of “muscle excitation"), and (2) how the electrical impulse travels into he T-tubules and causes calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic retículum (this is the process of “excitation-contraction coupling"): OMADidoinos reticulum 5. se mo S1e hosph erah anism
The ability of myosin to walk along an actin filament may be observed with the aid of an appropriately equipped microscope. Describe how such assays are typically performed. Why is ATP required in these assays? How can such assays be used to determine the direction of myosin movement or the force produced by myosin?
Figure 38.38 The deadly nerve gas Sarin irreversibly inhibits acetycholinesterase. What effect would Sarin have on muscle contraction?
Which of the following statements is true? Fast fibers have a small diameter. Fast fibers contain loosely packed myofibrils. Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves. Fast fibers have many mitochondria.
Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?
The sliding-filament model of skeletal-muscle contraction assumes a sliding or slipping of interdigitating filaments of actin and myosin. Electron micrographs show that during contraction the actin and my-osin filaments remain of constant length while the distance between Z lines shortens. Explain how this happens in terms of the molecular structure of the muscle filaments. What is the role of regulatory pro-teins (troponin and tropomyosin) in contraction?
As mentioned in class, one additional major use of ATP in skeletal muscle (besides powering the myosin heads) is the recycling of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after depolarization. The resting concentration of Ca++ in the muscle cell cytoplasm is about 50-100 nM, and the spike concentration after depolarization is about 10-20 μΜ. a) Consider a single sarcomere. What is the number of free calcium ions within the sarcomere at rest? What is the number of free calcium ions after depolarization? b) The major ion pump responsible for calcium ion recycling is SERCA (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). SERCA uses one molecule of ATP to pump two calcium ions, and the resting level can be restored in about 10-20 ms. How many molecules of ATP are used in a single sarcomere for pumping calcium in a single "twitch"? c) Assume that a single "twitch" is sufficient to drive one sarcomere from its fully extended length (about 2.5 µm) to its fully contracted length (about 1…
Skeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope? Group of answer choices troponin actin myosin dystrophin Rather than innervating individual muscle fibers, motor neurons often innervate two or more muscle fibers. The motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are together called a: Group of answer choices motor unit myofibril muscle fascicle motor fascia Fast glycolytic muscle fibers allow for relatively quick ATP energy production by splitting glucose (but eventually leads to fatigue), a process described as: Group of answer choices fermentation aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway ATP reserve use
Discuss the following statement: “The basal lam-ina of muscle fibers serves as a molecular bulletin board,in which adjoining cells can post messages that direct thedifferentiation and function of the underlying cells.”
Table1.Contractionofsmoothmusclebythreeagonists Contractileresponse(mm) Loglagonist] (M) -10 -9 -8.5 -8 -7.5 -7 -6.5 -6 -5.5 -5 -4.5 -4 agonist-1 0.2 1.8 4 9.8 14.8 18 19.6 19.4 20 20 20 20 agonist-2 0.2 1 2.6 4 7.6 8.8 9.6 9.8 10 10 agonist-3 0.2 2 5.2 10 14.8 18 19.6 20 a) Experiments were performed on the contraction of smooth muscleusingincreasingconcentrationsofthreeagonistsandtherespo nsesare given in Table 1. The maximum response of the system was 20mm contraction. Calculate the % maximum response of the systemforeachconcentrationofagonistandplotgraphsshowingthede pendence of the response on log [agonist]. Compare the threeagonists in terms of their maximal effect and their potency usingpharmacologicalterms. EIN 5