A buffer is prepared using lactic acid (HLac) and sodium lactate (NaLac). 0.300 dm3 of the0.500 mol·dm–3 HLac solution is mixed with 0.300 dm3 of the 0.300 mol·dm–3 NaLac solution to prepare the buffer. Ka for lactic acid (HLac) is 1.4 x 10-4     a) Calculate the pH of the lactic acid before it is mixed with the NaLac to form the buffer.  b)  Calculate the pH of the sodium lactate solution before it is mixed with the HLac to form the buffer.  c)  Calculate the pH of the buffer solution.  d)  What will the pH of the above solution be after 5.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol·dm–3 NaOH has been added to only 100.0 cm3 of this buffer?

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Precipitation Titration

Precipitation analysis is used to analyze drugs, and to measure the salt content in food and beverages. It is an important concept from the examination point of view many practical questions are asked on the topic. This topic is significant in the professional exams for both undergraduate and graduate courses, especially for