A differential survey was conducted from BM4 to BM5 covering a distance of 8 km. BS and FS distance every set-up average 200m. The designated computer has calculated that the average backsight reading is 2.600 meters. However, it was noted that every time this reading had been taken, the rod is inclined sideways from the vertical by 6°. Determine the correct elevation of BM5

Q: A backsight reading of 2.73m is taken on point A and subsequently a foresight reading of 1.35m is…

A:

Q: link traverse has been conducted between two temporary benchmarks of known elevation and includes an…

A: Step 1: BS IS FS Rise Fall RL 2.325         52.716   1.139…

Q: Situation 1: A two-peg test is used to check whether the ine of sight of the level is in perfect…

A: When instrument is near A, denote backsight reading on A as a1 and foresight reading on b as b1.…

Q: Q2: What are the differences between the types of reading in leveling?

A:

Q: The backsight to a BM is 3.125 m and the FS from the same instrument set up is 3.625 m. If the…

A: Given Data,   Distance from level to BM = 3850 m  Distance from level to TP = 4714.05 mCalculate the…

Q: In surveying of differential leveling runs from BM10 to BM11 at a distance of 7.5km. It was observed…

A:

Q: A turning point has an elevation of 39.57 meter and the foresight taken on a 5-meter leveling rod is…

A: firstly angle is measured which is formed due to lean of top of staff assume it is leaning in…

Q: a) a closed traverse survey involved measurements of angels (using theodolite) and distances between…

A: To Determine Closing errors in angular measurements and in northing and easting (of the sides) and…

Q: A backsight is taken on a benchmark of elevation 500 m, rod reading of 1.50 meters, vertical angle…

A: Consider the elevation diagram of data as shown below. where, I. S.-Instrument Station.

Q: How does leveling the instrument affects the accuracy of every leveling operations?

A: Leveling of instrument is also called as sensitivity of insturment. It is measured with the help of…

Q: A transit with stadia interval factor of 100.8 was set up at point C on the line between points A…

A:

Q: Q 7: It is required to project a horizontal circular curve that connects the first two roads AB and…

A: Horizontal projection of the curve  will be  equal to the length of the longest chord   AC

Q: A/ A leveling process has conducted to construct a tunnel. The following staff readings were…

A: Given data  Back sight Fore sight Intermediate sight R.L. of  1st point.

Q: A surveyor conducts trigonometric leveling to determine the elevation of a target point P based on…

A:

Q: A differential leveling loop began and closed on BM Tree (elevation 323.48 ft). The plus sight and…

A: Given : plus sight    : 3.18, 2.44, 6.63, 2.35 minus sight : 4.76, 3.05, 3.64, 3.07

Q: 13 Differential leveling runs from BM10 to BM11 at a distance of 7.5 km. It was observed that the…

A: Solution:-Given,Distance=7.5km=7500mThe leveling rod was inclined=6°The average BS…

Q: Based on the shown table for determining the elevation for set of point, answer the two following…

A:

Q: A survey party conducted a stadia surveying operation with the use of the same transit in Problem…

A: To Find :- Horizontal and vertical distance

Q: A line of levels is run from BM1 to BM2, which is 12 km long. Elevation of BM1 was found out to be…

A:

Q: A trigonometric leveling was employed to determine the elevation of CGY-2022. The instrument was…

A: To find Elevation of CGY 2022

Q: Complete the differential level notes shown below to determine the elevation in BM3 and perform the…

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Q: If a plus sight of 1.097 m is taken on BM A, elevation 305.348 m, and a minus sight of 0.832 m is…

A: Given: The back sight on A is 1.097 m. The elevation is 305.348 m. The foresight on X is 0.832 m.

Q: 1. The slope distance and altitude angle observed from point P to point Q were 2003.895 m and…

A:

Q: From the given profile leveling notes: What is the difference in elevation between station 5 and 2?

A: The leveling is used to calculate the elevation of the point which two far from the station or point…

Q: The height of a tower was determined by trigonometric leveling. The instrument  was set up at point…

A:

Q: A trigonometric leveling was employed to determine the elevation of CGY-2022. The instrument was…

A: To find  Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction correction.

Q: In the traverse below, angles measured by theodolite as following: ABC-88°20', BCD-250°15',…

A:

Q: line of levels is run from BM1 to BM2, which is 12 km long. Elevation of BM1 was found out to be 100…

A:

Q: 10) Where the total station at point P, the slope distance and altitude angle to point Q were…

A: Given: @point P to point Q slope distance = 790.55 m Angle = -05o20'30'' Elevation of point Q =…

Q: A vertical angle of 14deg 30' is read to a target of 1.75m above point M. The measured inclined…

A: Consider the following figure.

Q: The backsight reading on a first point is 2.25m and the foresight reading on a second point is…

A: Elevation of points can be find by using dumpy level. Staff readings of 2 points using dumpy level…

Q: A backsight is taken on a benchmark of elevation 500 m, rod reading of 1.75 meters, vertical angle…

A: To calculate the elevation in Levelling process we use the formula HI=RL+BSwhere,HI=height of…

Q: Using the Stadia Reduction Table,what is the difference in elevation if the observed vertical angle…

A:

Q: From the given Leveling Notes below, answer the following questions: a. What type of leveling is…

A: When  2 or more turning points present in the levelling sheet then it is classified as differential…

Q: From the given Leveling Notes below, answer the following questions: What type of leveling is…

A: Height of instrument(HI) is reduced level of line of sight of instrument set up at different…

Q: has an elevation of 115.15 meters and the foresight taken at that point is 0.30 meters. if bs taken

A:

Q: The upper and lower stadia hair readings on a stadia rod held at station B were observed as 3.50 and…

A: Given:- The upper and lower stadia hair readings on a stadia rod held at station B = 3.50 m and 1.00…

Q: From the following differential leveling notes, compute the difference in elevation between stations…

A: Data for the Differential leveling is given in the question

Q: A reciprocal leveling is observed across a wide river and the reciprocal level readings were taken…

A:

Q: What are the possible errors in three-wire leveling and how can these errors be minimized or…

A: Three-wire leveling gets its name from the fact that it employs all three horizontal crosshairs…

Q: Discuss the parts and functions of the Tilting Level, a leveling instrument. Include the references…

A:

Q: A surveyor conducts trigonometric leveling to determine the elevation of a target point P based on…

A:

Q: A reciprocal leveling is observed across a wide river and the reciprocal level readings were taken…

A: Given:- The reciprocal level readings were taken between points A and B  When the instrument is at…

Q: A dumpy level with an interval focusing telescope has set-up on the left bank of a river and the rod…

A: Tachometry survey is the branch in which the we can find the vertical and horizontal distance with…

Q: In a topographic survey undertaken by Karman Surv. Corp. before any leveling is conducted. The…

A: Given, Instrument location Reading at A Reading at B A hA=1.623 m hB=2.875 m B h'A=0.362 m…

Q: Differential leveling runs from BM10 to BM11 at a distance of 7.5 km. It was observed that the…

A: Given  Distance = 7500 m  The average back sight reading = 3.15 m  The value of AB is not given so i…

Q: Find upto what vertical angle in stadia work, a sloping distance may be assumed to be horizontal so…

A:

Q: The differential leveling runs from BM 10 to BM 11 at a distance of 7.5km. It was observed that the…

A: Total number of station =Distance300m+1Total number of station =7500m300m+1=26stationsNumber of…

Q: DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING For the given differential level notes. Determine the station with the highest…

A: Differential Levelling

Q: To test its line of sight adjustment, a level is set up near C (elev. 193.436 m) and then near D.…

A: station C elevation is given as 193.436 mwhen setup is near C: station C reading =1.315 m…

Q: What error results on a 30-m sight with a level if the rod reading is 1.505 m but the top of the 4 m…

A: Given:- 30m sight rod reading=1.505m 4m rod is 0.3m To find:- error

Q: A differential leveling loop is run from an established CD A to a point 5.1 mi away and back, with a…

A: Given data:- The given distance in Miles, M=5.1 miles The given misclosure is, m=0.029 ft   Check…

Q: An elevation must be established on a benchmark on an island that is 520.02 ft from the nearest…

A: Given  The  elevation between island and lake's shore  Let shore be at point A and island be at…

Q: An inverse method of leveling is executed between two existing concrete structures and across a…

A: Given Elevation of A = 240.05 To find elevation of the bottom of the concrete beam of the second…

Q: A differential levelling was run for a distance of 3640 m starting from benchmark of elevation 12.25…

A: To Determine A. How many instrument set-ups are there? B. How many turning points are there? C. Find…

Q: nsit with a stadia interval factor of 99.89 was set at C on the line between points A and B, the…

A: Given:-  stadia interval factor =99.89   stadia constant i= 0.31 To find:- Length of line AB…

Q: a) a closed traverse survey involved measurements of angels (using theodolite) and distances between…

A: To Determine Correct the closing errors in angular measurements and in northing and easting (of the…

Q: The following readings are taken from an Auto level from an uneven field. Find the Reduced Level of…

A:

Q: Differential leveling runs from BM10 to BM11 at a distance of 7.5 km. It was observed that the…

A:

Q: Starting from point A of reduced level 200, the levels were taken to another point B. The reduced…

A: To find error of closure

Q: An inverse method of leveling is executed between two existing concrete structures and across a…

A: calculate the elevation of the bottom of the concrete beam of the second structure (indicated as C).

Q: A 3km line of levels is run between stations A and B with the average back sight and foresight…

A: To Determine Correct Reading of Station B. Given. Recorded elevation of B = 375.26 m

Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.