a) Lead-acid batteries can deliver, for a few seconds, huge surge currents, a useful feature for car and truck engine ignition. For a lead-acid battery providing a 400 ampere surge current (400 Coulombs per second), use the cell reaction PbO₂(s) + Pb(s) + 2 H¹ (aq) + 2 HSO4 (aq) → 2 PbSO4 (s) + 2 H₂O(1) to calculate the number of moles of PbO₂ and Pb that react per second.   b) Write the Nernst equation for the lead-acid battery. (Assume ideal-solution behavior.)   c) Use the Nernst equation to show the voltage of a lead-acid battery drops as the battery is discharged.

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Electrolysis

Electrolysis is defined as the process of breaking down ionic compounds into their constituent elements by passing a direct electric current through the compound in a fluid state. The cathode reduces cations, while the anode oxidizes anions. An electrolyte, electrodes, and some form of external power source are the main components required for conducting electrolysis. A partition, such as an ion-exchange membrane or a salt bridge, may also be used, but this is optional. These are primarily used to prevent the products from diffusing near the opposing electrode.