A river reached a flood that was passing through it. At a given instant, the storage of water in the reach was estimated as 20 Ha-m. What would be the storage in the reach after an interval of 3 hours, if the average inflow and outflow during the time period are 15 cubic meter per second and 10 cubic meter per second, respectively?
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- For the reservoir, estimate the evaporation in the month of June by Penman formula, given latitude= 28˚N and elevation - 230 m above MSL. Mean observed sunshine = 9 hours/day.Where is the discharge in this photo? A discharge is: The flow or pumping of water from the ground; the opposite of recharge.A city’s sewage outfall flows 40 ft3/s of sewage with a BOD concentration of 30 mg/L anda DO of 1.5 mg / L into a small river that has a flow rate of 280 ft3/s and a velocity of 1.1 ft /s.The river has a natural BOD of 3.5 mg/L and at this time of year the DO level is 7 mg/L. Giventhe water temperature this time of year the DO saturation is 8.5 mg / L. Given a deoxygenationcoefficient of 0.59 day-1 and a rearation coefficient of 0.70 day-1, answer the following:a. what is the basic assumption we make regarded the mixing of waste into the river?b. calculate Do amd Lo just downstream from the outfallc. calculate the tiem and distance when DO is a minimumd. calculate the minimum DOe. Find the DO 10 miles downstream.
- A wastewater treatment plant discharges of effluent into a stream. Just upstream from the discharge point, the stream has an ultimate BOD of 5 mg/L.Assuming a cross-sectional area for the stream equal to 100 m2, what ultimate BOD (in mg/L) would you expect to find at a point of 15,000 m downstream?Wastewater Flow: 4 m3/secBOD (ultimate): 40 mg/LRiver Flow: 10 m3/secDeoxygeneation constant kd: 0.22 day-1Answer the following questions: 1.) How does wind, evaporation and tide in fluence the distribution of salinity in the estuary? 2.) Why is it a problem to the animals lacking siphons to live in the sediment? List two problems.Route the Pollowing hydrograph through a river reach for which k-22 hr and x= 0-25 at the start of inflow floeed. the out flow dischonrge is 40m²/sec 120/132 |144 60 54 124 48 60 72 84/96 Time Chrl o Inflow m/sey 40 12 36 65 165 250|240 205 |170 130 115 8S 70
- You have the intention to build a house in a rural community with limited facilities,hence you need to install a septic tank and drill a well for drinking water. Havingconsidered the location and proximity of both the septic tank and the drinking waterwell, explain the steps you may take to ensure that the drinking water will not becontaminated by leakages from the septic tank in accordance with governmentregulation.The following table gives the total amounts of water and salt in the oceans and the total influx of water and salt from rivers each year. Use this information to calculate the residence time in the world ocean of both water and salt.The data in the table below was collected by researchers to investigate the oxygen concen- tration of water in a lake. Data was collected from the location in the lake at the same time every day repeatedly over a six-day period. Day A B n D 9.04 ppm Calculate the mean of the sample data. 0.63 ppm 1.65 ppm Day 1 1.12 ppm Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Oxygen Concentration (ppm) 1.2 21 20 1.7 1.4 1.5
- A population increases when new individuals are born. A population may decrease in size if individuals move away from it. Births Emigration Population Increases Population Decreases Immigration Fish population Deaths A population may increase in size if individuals arrive from elsewhere. A population decreases when individuals die.What would the dissolved oxygen level most likely be if the temperature of the water was 35CIn many countries, irrigation is depleting aquifers to such an extent that land is subsiding, harvests are decreasing, and it is becoming necessary to drill wells deeper. In many cases, the withdrawal of groundwater has now greatly surpassed the aquifers’ rates of natural recharge. Discuss the possible consequences of this trend. What can society and science do to help alleviate this growing problem?