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Risk and return
Before understanding the concept of Risk and Return in Financial Management, understanding the two-concept Risk and return individually is necessary.
Capital Asset Pricing Model
Capital asset pricing model, also known as CAPM, shows the relationship between the expected return of the investment and the market at risk. This concept is basically used particularly in the case of stocks or shares. It is also used across finance for pricing assets that have higher risk identity and for evaluating the expected returns for the assets given the risk of those assets and also the cost of capital.
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- Consider the following information for four portfolios, the market, and the risk-free rate (RFR): Portfolio Return Beta SD A1 0.15 1.25 0.182 A2 0.1 0.9 0.223 A3 0.12 1.1 0.138 A4 0.08 0.8 0.125 Market 0.11 1 0.2 RFR 0.03 0 0 Refer to Exhibit 18.6. Calculate the Jensen alpha Measure for each portfolio. a. A1 = 0.014, A2 = -0.002, A3 = 0.002, A4 = -0.02 b. A1 = 0.002, A2 = -0.02, A3 = 0.002, A4 = -0.014 c. A1 = 0.02, A2 = -0.002, A3 = 0.002, A4 = -0.014 d. A1 = 0.03, A2 = -0.002, A3 = 0.02, A4 = -0.14 e. A1 = 0.02, A2 = -0.002, A3 = 0.02, A4 = -0.14Portfolios A and B are both well-diversified. The risk-free rate is 8%. The return for the market is 10%. Portfolio A has an expected return of 15% and beta of 1.1. Portfolio B has an expected return of 9% and beta of 0.20. Portfolio A's variance is 9%, whilst Portfolio B's variance is 5.5%. Calculate for Portfolio A and Portfolio B the following: 1. Sharpe's Measure, 2. Treynor's Measure, 3. Jensen's Measure. Which is the better portfolio according to each measure?The following portfolios are being considered for investment. During the period under consideration, RFR = 0.07.Portfolio Return Beta σiA 0.15 1.0 0.05B 0.20 1.5 0.10C 0.10 0.6 0.03D 0.17 1.1 0.06Market 0.13 1.0 0.04 a. Compute the Sharpe measure for each portfolio and the market portfolio. b. Compute the Treynor measure for each portfolio and the market portfolio. c. Rank the portfolios using each measure, explaining the cause for any differences you find in the rankings.
- Consider the following information: State of Probability of Economy State of Economy .17 .43 .33 .07 Boon Good Poor Bast Stock A a. Expected return b. Variance c. Standard deviation 11.70% 0.00120 3.40 .352 Answer is complete but not entirely correct. 122 012 -.112 % Rate of Return if State Occurs Stock B a. Your portfolio is Invested 32 percent each in A and C and 36 percent in B. What is the expected return of the portfolio? Note: Do not round Intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16. b. What is the variance of this portfolio? Note: Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 5 decimal places, e.g., .16161. c. What is the standard deviation of this portfolio? Note: Do not round Intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16. .452 .102 .022 -.252 Stock C .332 .172 -.052 -.092You are given the following information concerning three portfolios, the market portfolio, and the risk-free asset: Portfolio X Y Z Market Risk-free Rp 11.0% ор 33.00% 10.0 28.00 8.1 10.4 5.2 18.00 23.00 Ө вр 1.45 1.20 0.75 1.00 Ө Assume that the correlation of returns on Portfolio Y to returns on the market is 0.66. What percentage of Portfolio Y's return is driven by the market? Note: Enter your answer as a decimal not a percentage. Round your answer to 4 decimal places. R-squaredYou are given the following information concerning three portfolios, the market portfolio, and the risk- free asset: Portfolio X Y Z Market Risk-free Rp 14.5% R-squared 13.5 9.1 10.7 5.4 op 36% 31 21 26 0 6p 1.60 1.30 .80 1.00 0 Assume that the correlation of returns on Portfolio Y to returns on the market is 72. What percentage of Portfolio Y's return is driven by the market? (Enter your answer as a decimal not a percentage. Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
- You are given the following information concerning three portfolios, the market portfolio, and the risk-free asset: Portfolio X Y Z Market Risk-free Rp 14.0% 13.0 .8.5 12.0 7.2 Ор 39.00% 34.00 24.00 29.00 0 Bp 1.50 1.15 0.90 1.00 0 Assume that the correlation of returns on Portfolio Y to returns on the market is 0.90. What percentage of Portfolio Y's return is driven by the market? Note: Enter your answer as a decimal not a percentage. Round your answer to 4 decimal places. R-squaredYou are given the following information concerning three portfolios, the market portfolio, and the risk-free asset: Op 1.45 1.20 0.75 1.00 Portfolio: X Y Z Market Risk-free Rp 11.00% 10.00 8.10 10.40 5.20 Information ratio Op 33.00% 28.00 18.00 23.00 0 Assume that the tracking error of Portfolio X is 9.10 percent. What is the information ratio for Portfolio X? Note: A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 4 decimal places. 02148 0You are given the following information concerning three portfolios, the market portfolio, and the risk-free asset: Portfolio Y Z Market Risk-free Rp 16.00% бр 32.00% 15.00 27.00 7.30 17.00 11.30 5.80 22.00 0 Bp 1.90 1.25 0.75 1.00 0 Assume that the tracking error of Portfolio X is 13.40 percent. What is the information ratio for Portfolio X? Note: A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 4 decimal places. Information ratio
- Bay Land, Inc. has the following distribution of returns: StateReturnProbabilityBoom0.30.25Normal0.40.15Bust0.30.30 What is the expected return of the portfolio? What is the standard deviation of the portfolio?a. Based on the following information, calculate the expected return and standard deviation for each of the following stocks. What are the covariance and correlation between the returns of the two stocks? Calculate the portfolio returm and portfolio standard deviation if you invest equally in each asset. Returns State of Economy Prob J K Recession 0.25 -0.02 0.034 Normal 0.6 0.138 0.062 Boom 0.15 0.218 0.092 b. A portfolio that combines the risk-free asset and the market portfolio has an expected return of percent and a standard deviation of 10 percent. The risk-free rate is 4 percent, and the Page 7 of 33 expected return on the market portfolio is 12 percent. Assume the capital asset pricing model holds. What expected rate of return would a security earn if it had a 45 corelation with the market portfolio and a standard deviation of 55 percent? C. Suppose the risk-free rate is 4.2 percent and the market portfolıo has an expected return of 10.9 mercent Tibemadkat normfeliobasiabiamance…The following portfolios are being considered for investment. During the period under consideration, RFR = 0.08. Portfolio Return Beta σi P 0.14 1.00 0.05 Q 0.20 1.30 0.11 R 0.10 0.60 0.03 S 0.17 1.20 0.06 Market 0.12 1.00 0.04 Compute the Sharpe measure for each portfolio and the market portfolio. Round your answers to three decimal places. Portfolio Sharpe measure P Q R S Market Compute the Treynor measure for each portfolio and the market portfolio. Round your answers to three decimal places. Portfolio Treynor measure P Q R S Market