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scenario:
After preparing Vitamin E gel-cream, observed that the finished product texture is gritty and less viscous similar to the picture given below.
question:
1.Briefly explain the possible causes and remedies to solve the encountered formulation problems.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- As a pharmacist, propose some improvement that can be implemented to further improve the formulation stability. Answer the following case study using your own words.Answer the following: A. Define reducing sugars and their properties B. Among the given tests such as Benedict, Iodine and Reagent Test, which is most highly applicable in biomedical field? Explain.do methodologies preparation of the following 6 solutions (Broth LB, LB Agar, Potato-Dextrose Agar, LB-Dextrose Broth, Saline solution 0.85%, Glycerol 80%). Include photos or schematics.
- Answer the following questions:1. If excipients do not have pharmacodynamic activity, how do excipients affect the performance of the drug product?2. What is meant by the rate-limiting step in drug bioavailability from a solid oral drug product?3. What is the usual rate-limiting step for a poorly soluble and highly permeable drug (BCS 2)?4. How could the manufacturing process affect drug product performance?5. Drug absorption involves at least three distinct steps: dissolution, permeation, and disposition during transit in GI (an additional step of drug disposition in the body is involved as well for bioavailability). How are these processes validated in vitro when the in vivo requirement for drug bioavailability is waived?6. What is meant by “sink” conditions?7. What physical or chemical properties of a drug substance are important in designing a drug for (a) oral administration or (b) parenteral administration?8. For a lipid-soluble drug that has very poor aqueous solubility, what…Do not include zeros at the end of decimal numbers. The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary factors. A medication label for an antibiotic has the following instructions for reconstitution: Amount of Diluent 20 mL 10 mL 4 mL 1.8 mL Order: 500,000 units IM stat Reconstitute with Type here to search Esc Concentration 50,000 units per mL of solution 100,000 units per mL of solution 250,000 units per mL of solution 500,000 units per mL of solution Moving to another question will save this response. diluent for a concentration of F2 F3 # O # F4 • F5 $ per mL. % F6 9 DELL F7Topic: Isolation of Crude Ovalbumin from Egg White by Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation (Salting Out) The computed amount of powdered ammonium sulfate was added to the egg white sample portion byportion with constant stirring while submerged in an ice bath. The solution is expected to become moreturbid, and a white precipitate is expected to form. The resulting mixture was then filtered using a cheesecloth. The residue was discarded, and 30.0 mL of thefiltrate was brought from 40% to 60% saturation by adding the required amount of powdered ammoniumsulfate in the same manner as the previous addition. After adding ammonium sulfate, the mixture was allowed to stand with occasional stirring for 30 minutes inan ice bath. The formation of a white precipitate is expected to happen QUESTION: Explain the significance of allowing the mixture to be submerged in an ice bath for a given time.
- ssignment Seved Diflunisal, which is used to reduce the inflammation from rheumatoid arthritis, comes in 250-mg tablets. A maximum daily dose consists of 1500 mg, admìnistered in two separate doses every 12 hours. If diflunisal is taken for exactly 4 weeks, how many 250-mg tablets will be needed? tablet(s)ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS REGARDING GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 1.why is it not advisable to move/touch the agarose gel in the process of hardening 2.what is the use or function of the TAE buffer that is poured or found in the gel box 3.how can you tell if agel is running 4.outline the process use in the preparation of agarose gel of 1.5 concentration 5.outline the processes/steps used in gel electrophoresis 6.name twoexamples of the dye used in gel electrophoresis 7.how do we prepare x1(concentration) TAE BUFFER form 50x TAE bufferSuggest one reason why syringes are used in vitamin C content of food anddrink investigation rather than burettes. THE ANSWER HAVE TO BE AS SHORT AS POSSIBLE!
- A Photo credit: BSP3D- Group 5 Pharm. Bio. Sci 3 Laboratory (S.Y. 2016-2017) Sample is Bacillus subtilis; A-Ciprofloxacin; B-Ampicillin; C-Tetracycline; D- Vancomycin Refer to the image above and answer the following questions: 1. By just looking at the example above, which do you think is the most effective antibiotic for Bacillus subtilis? which is the least effective? and why? 2. How will you measure the zone of inhibition of vancomycin (letter D)? 3. What is the importance of evenly distributing the microbe onto the plate? 3. SubtilisMatch the chemical reaction to the visual effect of the product/biochemical test description 1. This assay's color change relies on an initial reduction reaction resulting in a black precipitate if the organisms is "positive" 2. The visual production of gas from this reaction indicates this organism can break down toxic byproducts of aerobic respiration. 3. This assay relies on a pH indicator (phenol red) for a color change. An organism that was "positive" for the certain enzyme in this assay, would result in a pink color change. 4. If an organism was incubated in simple broth containing a phenol red pH indicator and a sugar source, and the broth turned yellow following bacterial growth, that would be evidence of this reaction occurring. 5. The reaction representing this assay, works by producing a red colored product upon addition of a reagent, which tells us the organism possesses the enzyme required to break down a particular amino acid.Answer all the following questions. 1. The formulation of oral suspensions requires the following considerations: Both the physical properties of the API and the excipients are essential to ensure that the formulation is physically stable and suitable for administration to patients. Discuss the general formulation considerations. 2. The instability of emulsions may be either reversible or irreversible. Cracking indicates the extensive coalescence of the internal phase, consequently, leads to the separation of the emulsion into two distinct layers. 2a. How the cracking is occurring in the emulsions? 2b. If an emulsion has cracked will it be recovered. If yes/no discuss the phenomena. 3. Discuss the lyophilization and appraise its importance in the pharmaceutical industry with suitable examples.