Which of the following matings would have the highest frequency of bacterial chromosome gene transfer? 1. F'x F 2. Hfr x F 3. F* x F 4. F'x Hfr 5. All of the other answers have the same frequency of chromosomal gene transfers.
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- Which of the following is a bacterial genetic recombination mechanism that happens with the aid of bacteriophages. * O meiosis conjugation transduction binary fission O transformation tomperate phages*Conjugation between an F+ and an F- cell will produce: 2 F+ cells and 2 F- cells O 2 F+ cells 4 F+ offspring 1 F+ cell and 1 F- cellThe DNA fragments show a portion of two nonsister chromatids before crossover. Suppose strand invasion occurs between regions A and B. The heteroduplex extends and forms the Holliday intermediate shown below right. Each dotted line represents one potential plane on which endonucleases could cut the intermediate. DEDE Left chromatid A Right chromatid b A B D Nonsister chromatids before crossover Holliday intermediate Match the chromatids that result from the different ways in which the Holliday intermediate can be resolved. Top chromatid B D Bottom chromatid
- Gonorrhea is a sexually transmissible disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neiserria gonorrhoeae. In the 1940s, penicillin was introduced as an antibiotic to treat gonorrhea. In particular, the drug inhibits the formation of new cell walls in dividing bacterial cells, making new cells vulnerable to the human body's defences. However, a new strain of Neiserria gonorrhoeae was found that is capable of breaking down penicillin, making this strain resistant. The emergence of this new strain has been associated with instances of non-strict compliance of certain patients on the use of penicillin as well as the improper administration of the drug. Based on the information given, formulate a strategy that could help control this new strain.Which of the following is a bacterial genetic recombination mechanism that happens with the aid of bacteriophages. meiosis O conjugation O transduction binary fission transformationn conjugation, when a bacterial F factor is transferred: the donor cell turns into a recipient cell chromosomal DNA is transferred in the mating the donor cell becomes F- the recipient cell becomes F+ the recipient cell becomes F-
- Five different HFR strains were isolated from a single F+ strain of E. coli. Timed matings showed that they transferred the following loci during the first hour of mating. The earliest loci are on the left, the slowest on the right for each order. Map these loci to a circle. strain early →→late 1. QZ ARL What markers are between B and X (shortest route)? SNWT O EMQ 3. 5. RBLE XAR BEMQZ EBLRA ZSNWT strain early →late 2. 4. TXARL XTWNSReferring to conjugation in bacteria: Mark all cell types for which the following statement is true. Cell is used as a donor cell in conjugation. Select one or more: O a. F+ O b. F- O c. Hfr O d. F"Three pairs of bacterial cells with the given genotypes undergo conjugation. Place match the genotype of each cell after conjugation to its initial genotype. F+ x F Hfr F- F' F- Answer Bank F F F+ Hfr What is the role of the F-factor in conjugation? It contains genes necessary for replication of the donor's F plasmid. can occur. It allows auxotrophic bacterial cells to survive on minimal medium so that conjugation It contains genes that force recombination between the donor and recipient chromosomes. It contains genes necessary for the formation of the pilus. O It degrades the chromosome of the recipient cell after conjugation.
- Below is a diagram of the general structure of the bacteriophagel chromosome. Speculate on the mechanism by which it forms aclosed ring upon infection of the host cell. 5'GGGCGGCGACCT:double@stranded region-3' 3'- double@stranded region:CCCGCCGCTGGA5'In conjugation, when a bacterial F factor is transferred: the donor cell turns into a recipient cell the donor cell becomes F- chromosomal DNA is transferred in the mating the recipient cell becomes F- the recipient cell becomes F+1. In terms of Spo11, what does it mean if twice as many genetic sequence reads map to one location than another? Explain. 2. What does it mean if genetic reads map in different locations in difgerent strains? Explain in terms of recombination hotspots.