(b) A special sprinkler system is comprised of three identical humidity sensors, a digital controller, and a pump, of which the reliability is 0.916, 0.965, and 0.983 respectively. The system configuration is shown in the figure below. Sensor Controller Pump
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- The rapid progress of engineering design and information technology has caused difficulties in analyzing system reliability. Because of the increased complexity in system reliability structure (component/subsystem interfaces), many unexpected failure modes could occur, and their behaviors are interdependent. At a system’s design and development stage, the main challenge in analyzing a complex system is the failure uncertainty introduced by the incomplete knowledge of the system. This makes it hard to decompose system reliability into subsystem/component reliability in a deterministic manner, such as series or parallel systems. As a result, some common reliability analysis tools such as fault tree (FT) and reliability block diagram (RBD) become inadequate. Do you agree, why or why not? Are there any other approaches to system reliability assessment beside these tools at the early system’s design and development stage (what are these approaches)?2. An operator provides mobile communication service for a city with area of 3500 Km' and has population of 1.56 million. Following parameters have been specified for the cellular network: Downlink band: 800 MHz to 940 MHz, • Channel bandwidth = 200 KHz, • Probability of Blocking 1%, Frequency Parameters i=2 & j=1, Cell radius = 0.85 Km If the user has an average of 2 calls/hour and each call lasts for an average of 3 minutes. Using table 1 obtain: i. Number of users that could be served per a cell, (14 Marks) No. Channels/cell BP= 0.01 BP= 0.005 BP= 0.002 5 1.36 1.13 0.9 10 4.46 3.96 3.43 20 12 11.1 10.1 70 56.1 53.7 51 100 84.1 80.9 77.4You’re testing a system that involves a fan, water pump, and compressor. The components are turned ON in sequence and sensor readings are taken, as per a written protocol that you’re following. The system is running as expected after the fan and water pump are turned ON. However, when you turn ON the compressor, it runs for about thirty seconds then stops, consistently. Swapping out the compressor for a different one seems to solve the problem. What could have been the issue with the bad compressor?
- (a) A very important component of a system has a mean time between failures of 100 hr and a mean time to repair of 10 hr. Determine the inherent availability of the system. (b) If the equipment in Q7 (c i) above is required to meet an inherent availability requirement of 0.985 and a mean time between failures of 100 hr. Calculate the permissible mean time to repair and if the system as a mean of the time intervals between corrective maintenance actions of 900 hrs and the sum of the mean corrective maintenance time intervals including supply downtime and administrative down time of 10 hrs Determine the operational availability of the systemExample 1.1 Figure 1.5 shows the block diagram of a closed-loop flow control system. Identify the following elements: (a) the sensor, (b) the transducer, (c) the actuator, (d) the transmitter, (e) the controller, (f) the manipulated variable, and (g) the measured variable. In the figure above, the (a) sensor is labeled as the pressure cell. The (b) transducer is labeled as the converter. However, there are two converters: one for converting pressure to current, and another converting current to pressure for operating the actuator. The (c) actuator is labeled as the pneumatic valve. The (d) transmitter is labeled as the line driver. The (e) controller is labeled as the PLC. The (f) manipulated variable is labeled as the pressure developed by the fluid flowing through the orifice plate. The (g) measured variable is the flow rate of the liquid.2) A device used in a ground radar system has age to failure that is described approximately by a Weibull distribution with mean life 83 h, shape parameter 1.5, and location parameter zero. When it fails it takes on average 3.5 h to repair: a) Calculate the reliability over a 25 h period, and the 'steady state' availability of the device. b) Calculate the reliability over 25 h, and the ‘steady state' availability of a subsystem that consists of two of these devices in active parallel redundancy.
- Activity 3: The network and communication systems attached to the smart grid, including the routers and computing units, contain stages where signals are expressed in different bases. Your task is to compute the output of some of these operations by showing a detailed solution for each operation. 1. Compute 1100102 x 10102. 2. Compute 1100102 + 10102. 3. Compute 7758 × 7458. 4. Compute 7758 + 754g. 5. Compute CF1216 x F1316. 6. Compute CF1215 + F1316. 7. Compute 7758 × F1315+ 10102 8. Compute 1378 x 1100102x AC316Explain the concept of system reliability and its importance in the field of engineering.Question: Cost coefficients of fifteen generator units and their power limits are given in tables 1 and 2, respectively. For the given load curve, find daily economic dispatch and the total cost, when all units be ON. • Convergence tolerance for all iterative methods is ɛ = 106 Number of iterations and computation time, should be specified and reported. Table 1: Cost coefficients of generator units Table 2: Generators' power limits P min Gen. |(MW) P max |(MW) a Gen S/MW S/MW2 0.000299 10.100 671.130 1 100 655 0.000183 10.200 574.010 100 455 0.001126 8.814 374.110 20 130 0.001126 8.800 374.000 20 130 10.400 10.100 0.000205 461.000 50 470 0.000301 630.000 35 460 0.000364 9.800 548.000 35 465 0.000338 11.200 227.000 100 300 0.000807 11.200 173.000 25 165 10 11 12 13 14 15 0.001203 10.700 175.200 10 11 12 13 14 15 25 460 0.003586 10.200 186.000 20 80 0.005513 9.900 230.000 20 80 0.000371 13.100 225.000 25 85 0.001929 12.100 309.000 15 55 0.004447 12.400 323.100 15 55 Load (MW) 3600 3200…
- Q: a) Generally, if you are asked to find any physical quantity (e.g. pressure, temperature, flow rate), what steps you will follow in order to find that physical quantity. b) Let say you are asked to measure the tempreture of a room, what sensor will you use? What will be the criterion for selecting a specific sensor in this case? And how you display the results with the help of any controller (consider Arduino as a controller)3. a) With neat diagram, State the principle of RTD sensor b) A platinum resistance thermometer has a resistance of 100 ohm at 25°C. The Resistance temperature coefficient of platinum is 0.00392 ohm/ohm°C. (i) Find its resistance at 700C (ii) Let the thermometer has a resistance of 400 ohm, calculate the value of temperature.Process control can be defined as the act of controlling a final control element to change the manipulated variable. 1. • List FOUR (4) variable that commonly used in oil and gas industries. • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the control systems illustrated in figure shown below Sener Contrler Artor Valve Valve Figure 1