Bacteria and other prokaryotic cells have the capacity to get more ATP/glucose oxidized than eukaryotic cells because ____, so they are more efficient. a. they are simpler and have less going on b. they don't have to use shuttles to reoxidize reduced nucleotides c. they do not have to translocate ATP-ADP across the mitochondrial membranes d. they use an electron transport chain that translocates more protons e. none of the above

Bacteria and other prokaryotic cells have the capacity to get more ATP/glucose oxidized than eukaryotic cells because ____, so they are more efficient. a. they are simpler and have less going on b. they don't have to use shuttles to reoxidize reduced nucleotides c. they do not have to translocate ATP-ADP across the mitochondrial membranes d. they use an electron transport chain that translocates more protons e. none of the above

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYK

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in one of the reactions in the electron transport chain, complex I transfer electrons to coenzyme Q. which molecule is reduced and which is oxidized in this reaction? a. complex I is reduced b/c it loses electrons, and Q is oxidized b/c it gains electrons b. complex I is oxidized b/c it loses electrons, and Q is reduced b/c it gains electrons c. complex I is reduced b/c it gains electrons, and Q is oxidized b/c it loses electrons d. complex 1 and Q are both oxidized b/c elections are moved from one molecule to the other
. Select the principle related to the pumping of protons from mitochondrion matrix into mitochondrion intermembrane space during cellular respiration. * A. Oxidation of protein complexes release energy and this energy is used to pump protons. B. The process is simultaneously with osmosis of water through mitochondrion membrane. C. Reduction of integral protein complexes causing pumping of protons. D. NADH and FADH2 use exergonic reaction and release energy which helps pumping of protons.
The complete catabolism of one molecule of C6H12O6 into carbon dioxide and water produces a larger amount of ATP in aerobic prokaryotes than it does in aerobic eukaryotes because aerobic prokaryotes: A. always produce ethanol rather than lactic acid as a byproduct B. generate more molecules of NADH during aerobic respiration C. have no transport costs to get NADH into mitochondria D. generate more molecules of FADH2 during aerobic respiration E. are able to use pyruvate as a substrate for fermentation
12. Use Figure 4 for questions a-c below. 114 ATP synthase matrix intermembrane space Figure 4: Sketch of a mitochondrion https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Schema mitochondrion basic.svg Bionet, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons a. Add to the sketch to show a H* concentration gradient in an active mitochondrion. (Sketch more H* in the appropriate space. Sketch less H* in the appropriate space.) 4+ b. Sketch an arrow to represent the direction that protons flow (via diffusion) through ATP synthase. c. If the concentration of protons was equal on each side of the membrane, how would that affect the flow of protons through ATP synthase? How would that affect ATP production from glucose?
Which of the following statements is most correct? The electron transport chain - A: generates a pH gradient that reduces O2 to H2O B: generates a proton gradient across the outer mito membrane C: generates a proton gradient across the inner mito membrane D: uses the energy stored in high energy electron carriers to synthesize ATP E: establishes a membrane potential across the outer mito membrane
Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is TRUE in eukaryotes? A. For every molecule of NADH oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1 molecule of ATP is produced. B. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space to produce ATP. C. ATP synthase transduces the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix into kinetic (mechanical) energy D. H2O is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, being oxidized to O2 and H+. E. All of the above are true
Which of the following statements describes the end step for the electron transport chain? A. H+ ions flow down the gradient to generate ATP B. electrons are transferred to NADH and FADH2 for chemiosmosis C. electrons are transferred to oxygen, causing it to split and take up H+ ions, which form water D. H+ are pumped across the inner membrane of mitochondria to establish an electrochemical gradient
The figure below shows an illustration of a mitochondrian. Mustration of a mitochondrion Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure and function of the mitochondrion? A B с D The shape of the mitochondrion Increases its material-exchange efficiency by maximiz ing its overall volume relative to its surface area. The double-membrane structure of the mitochondrion allows it to maintain its relatively acidic environment in which nutrients can be digested. The folds of the mitochondrion Inner membrane increase its material-exchange effi- ciency by maximizing its surface area relative to its volume. The specific structure of the mitochondrion Inner membrane allows it to correctly guide the folding of proteins into their functional shape.
Energy-consuming active transport is used to move protons in all of the following directions except: A. from the mitochondrial matrix, across the mitochondrial cristae, into the intermembrane space B. from the extracellular fluid, across the plasma membrane, into the Halobacterium halobium cytosol C. from the cytosol of plant cells, across the vacuolar membrane, into the central vacuole D. from the cytosol of skeletal muscle cells, across the plasma membrane, into the extracellular fluid E. from the chloroplast stroma, across the thylakoid membrane, into the thylakoid space
Which of the following is true of the FoF1 ATPase under normal cellular conditions? Select all that are true. O a. It moves protons into the intermembrane space O b. It generates ATP O C. It directly consumes NADH O d. It is a passive transporter O e. It is an enzyme
You are studying the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the lab. You isolate several mitochondria from cells and place them in a buffered solution with a low pH and observe that the mitochondria begin to synthesize ATP. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation? F It increases the conc. of OH-, causing the mitochondria to pump H+ to the intermembrane space. It increases the diffusion of H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. It increases the diffusion of H+ from the intermembrane space to the matrix. It increases the conc. of OH- in the mitochondrial matrix.
Which of the following molecules is NOT produced in pentose phosphate pathway? O A. CO2 ОВ. АТР O C. NADPH O D. Ribose 5-phosphate O E. Glucose 6-P A drug was developed to inhibit the electron transport chain. How many ATP(S) would be generated by metabolising one molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen and this inhibitor? O A. 0 ОВ. 1 оС. 2 O D. 10 ОЕ 32