Br1. N32. LiAlH43. H₂ONH₂26Preparation of primary amines using azide ion avoids the problem of over-alkylation since the alkyl azide is not nucleophilic. The alkyl azide is prepared from an alkyl halide via an SN2 reaction with N3as the nucleophile. Subsequent reduction of the azide with LiAlH4 leads to the desired amine.Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.Arrow-pushing InstructionsH|-H-AI-HHH1Al.H

Answered: Br 1. N3 2. LiAlH4 3. H₂O NH₂ 26…

Organic Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305580350

Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote

Publisher:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote

Chapter20: Dienes, Conjugated Systems, And Pericyclic Reactions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20.47P

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H3C OH 1. Br2, PBг3 2. H₂O H3C OH Br The a-bromination of carbonyl compounds by Br₂ in acetic acid is limited to aldehydes and ketones because acids, esters, and amides don't enolize to a sufficient extent. Carboxylic acids, however, can be a-brominated by first converting the carboxylic acid to an acid bromide by treatment with PBr3. Following enolization of the acid bromide, Br2 reacts in an a-substitution reaction. Hydrolysis of the acid bromide completes the reaction. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions Br Br зь P-Br Br H₂C H₂C SH Br Br
ArCN MeMgl Et₂O/C6H6 HN Ar NaBH3CN, AcOH H₂N Ar 8 6 Scheme 4: Preparation of [(9-anthryl)alkyl]- and (mesitylalkyl)amines 6h and 6j from nitriles via imines 8.
Amino acids can be prepared by the reaction of alkyl halides with diethyl acetamidomalonate, followed by heating the initial alkylation product with aqueous HCl. The reaction to form alanine involves the following steps: Reaction of diethyl acetamidomalonate with sodium ethoxide to form enolate anion 1; The enolate anion acts as a nucleophile in an SN2 reaction with alkyl iodide 2 to form alkylated intermediate 2; Heating in the presence of aqueous acid hydrolyzes both the ester and the amide bonds, and induces decarboxylation to form alanine. Draw the structure of enolate anion 1.
A chemist wanted to synthesize the anesthetic 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane. He used ethoxide ion and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane for his synthesis and ended up with no ether. What was the product of his synthesis? What reagents should he have used?
Show how the synthetic scheme developed in Problem 23.67 can be modified to synthesize this triiodobenzoic acid X-ray contrast agent.
Propose a synthesis of the topical anesthetic cyclomethycaine from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-methylpiperidine, and any other necessary reagents. HN' + HO. НО Cyclomethycaine 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 2-Methylpiperidine
1. Br₂, PBrg 2. H₂O H₂C OH H3C OH Br The a-bromination of carbonyl compounds by Br₂ in acetic acid is limited to aldehydes and ketones because acids, esters, and amides don't enolize to a sufficient extent. Carboxylic acids, however, can be a-brominated by first converting the carboxylic acid to an acid bromide by treatment with PBr3. Following enolization of the acid bromide, Br₂ reacts in an α- substitution reaction. Hydrolysis of the acid bromide completes the reaction. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions H3C :0: :0::Br: Br Br H3C CO-P H Br Br
Explain the trends in the acidity of phenol and the monofluoro derivatives of phenol. OH он он он F pк, 10.0 pK, 8.81 pK, 9.28 pK, 9.81
The product of reaction between formaldehyde with 2-methyl propanal give 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy propanal 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy propanone 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy propanoic acid 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy propanol 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one prepared from reaction between Benzaldehyde with acetic acid Benzaldehyde with acetaldehyde Benzaldehyde with formaldehyde Benzaldehyde with acetone Which predict product for reaction between heptane-6-one-1-al with sodium hydroxide * 1-(2-hydroxycyclopentyl) pentanone 1-(2-hydroxycyclopentyl) butanone 1-(2-hydroxycyclopentyl) ethanone 1-(2-hydroxycyclopentyl) propanone
Mechanism of azide synthesis: Step 1: Nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halide with sodium azide to form an alkyl azide. Step 2: Reduction of alkyl azide with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride to form an alkylamine. Mechanism of alkylation of ammonia: Step 1: The alkyl halide undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction with ammonia gas to form an intermediate alkylamine. Step 2: The intermediate alkylamine is deprotonated by the catalyst to form the final alkylamine.
H3C. H3C. CH3 nnc» XT :OH 2 CH₂OH HCI catalyst Aldehydes and ketones react reversibly with two equivalents of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give acetals. Alcohols are poor nucleophiles, and so protonation of the carbonyl oxygen is used to make the carbonyl carbon a stronger electrophile. Addition of the first equivalent of alcohol gives a hemiacetal, a hydroxyether. Addition of the second equivalent of alcohol is accompanied by loss of water to yield the product acetal. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions CH3 H3C CH3OH H3CQ OCH3 CH3 H3C. H HO: :OCH 3 CH3 46
Give the major product for the reaction. Pyrrolidine is a secondary amine. CH CH O CH CH! O OH CH2 O CH. I CH.CH Ї TCH CHE OH CH CH₂CH₂ CH.CH CH.OH2 0= RO pyrrolidine. 2 GH CH2 3 HCI H,0 TOH OH: CH₂CH₂ TCH CH: CH₂CH. CH₂CH₂

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