Calculate the degree of ionization of morphine, pKa 8.0, in a solution with a pH of 2.2. Predict how the degree of ionization could affect the ease of absorption of morphine in (a) the stomach and (b) the intestine when the pH of the stomach fluid is 2.0 and the pH of the intestinal fluid is 6.

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States of Matter

The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates). 

Chemical Reactions and Equations

When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.