Cells often use the same enzyme reaction pattern for analogous metabolic conversions. For example, the steps in the oxidationof pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and of a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA, although catalyzed by different enzymes, are very similar.Complete the statements to describe how the first stage of fatty acid ẞ oxidation follows a reaction sequence closely resemblinga sequence in the citric acid cycle.The fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase reaction is analogous to theThe enoyl-CoA hydratase reaction is analogous to theThe B-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase reaction is analogous toreaction.succinate dehydrogenasesuccinyl-CoA synthetasereaction.malate dehydrogenaseisocitrate dehydrogenasefumarasecitrate synthaseaconitasea-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase The enoyl-CoA hydratase reaction is analogous to theThe B-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase reaction is anafumarasemalate dehydrogenasecitrate synthasea-ketoglutarate dehydrogenasesuccinyl-CoA synthetaseisocitrate dehydrogenaseaconitasesuccinate dehydrogenasereaction.re

To complete the statements about how the first stage of fatty acid β-oxidation follows a reaction…

Answered: Cells often use the same enzyme…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P: Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in...

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Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.
Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?
Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase to Similar Reactions Based on the mechanism for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (see problem 14), write reasonable mechanisms for the following reactions shown.
Cells often use the same enzyme reaction pattern for analogous metabolic conversions. For example, the steps in the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and of a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA, although catalyzed by different enzymes, are very similar. The first stage of fatty acid oxidation follows a reaction sequence closely resembling a sequence in the citric acid cycle. Use equations to show the analogous reaction sequences in the two pathways.
Fatty acids are activated for breakdown through the action of acyl-CoA synthestase. Which of the following statements regarding acyl-CoA synthetase is not true? ● It catalyzes the addition of CoA to the fatty acid One of the products of the reaction is ADP. O The free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by this reaction is close to 0 kJ/mol, but the subsequent hydrolysis of pyrophosphate drives the reaction forward. O The reaction results in the formation of a thioester bond.
The total degradation of a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons yields acetyl-CoA and another compound, X. Show the structure of X, and describe the pathway by which it is converted into a citric acid cycle intermediate, including where any cofactors participate.
Fatty acid biosynthesis begins with the condensation of a two-carbon acetyl residue from acetyl-COA and oxaloacetate, while oxidation leads to the release of two carbon units, acetyl-CoA and fatty acyl-CoA. However, these two processes are not simple reversal. Compare and contrast these two pathways.
Metabolizing a fatty acid via the B-oxidation pathway will generate acetyl CoA, NADH and FADH₂. Based on your biochemical knowledge, the major metabolic intermediate will enter cellular respiration in [Select] and the reduced coenzymes will enter cellular respiration in [Select] Could a mature red blood cell perform the ß-oxidation pathway? Yes, in their cytoplasm.
Some bacteria use the citric acid cycle intermediate, α-ketoglutarate, plusacetyl-CoA, as the starting point for lysine biosynthesis. The first partof this biosynthetic pathway uses the same chemical strategy found inthe citric acid cycle. Propose a four-step pathway for the conversion ofα-ketoglutarate to 2-oxoadipate. Draw the three missing intermediates, andindicate the chemistry involved in each reaction. Include any cofactors thatyou think might be required for specific steps.
Calculate the number of ATPS generated from the metabolic oxi- dation of the four carbons of acetoacetyl-CoA to CO,. Now consider the homolog derived from oxidation of an odd-numbered carbon chain, namely propionoacetyl-CoA. Calculate the net ATP yield from oxidation of the five carbons of this compound to CO,.
Compare and contrast Pyruvate Dehydrogenase with a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseOutline the mechanisms of both enzymes. Discuss the functions of the coenzymes. List the similarities and the differences between the 2 enzymes. Both are very large membrane bound complexes. What are the advantages of this strategy?How detailed is the enzyme structure known below(It's Pyruvate Dehydrogenase )? What insight(s) does this structural detail give you about the enzyme mechanism.
Several pathways exist in different organisms for the metabolism of propionyl-CoA. Most organisms utilizethe pathway that feeds into the citric acid cycle via succinyl-CoA. Another metabolic route used by Clostridium kluyveriis a "continuation of -oxidation" and consists of the following enzymatic reactions: (a) propionyl-CoA is converted toacryloyl-CoA; (b) formation of 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA; (c) conversion to malonyl semialdehyde CoA; (d) productionof malonyl-CoA, which is then (e) decarboxylated to produce acetyl-CoA. Outline the above steps between propionylCoA and acetyl-CoA. Show structures for the metabolites and indicate appropriate cofactors (free or bound) that may beinvolved. b) Suggest a mechanism for enzyme reaction (e).

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