Comparing exposure histories of people with the disease and people without the disease is the goal for what type of study design? A. Case series B. Case-control C. Cohort D. Experimental
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the goal for what type of study design?
A. Case series
B. Case-control
C. Cohort
D. Experimental
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Solved in 3 steps
- Describe the difference between a prevalence-based and an incidence-based cost-of-illness study. A. Prevalence-based studies are useful for budgeting purposes and includes the cost of existing cases and new cases B. Incidence-based studies only consider the costs for new cases during the year C. When completing an explanatory model both are appropriate because there is no difference when it comes to costs, outcomes and cost projections D. All of the above E. A and B onlyThere are multiple epidemiologic study designs. Study designs can be categorized as an experimental or observational design. What is the primary difference between the two? (Choose the one best answer) 1. In an experimental design, the outcome/disease is assigned 2. In an observational design, the outcome/disease is assigned 3. In an experimental design, the exposure/treatment is assigned 4. In an observational design, the exposure/treatment is assigned 5. They are both epidemiologic study designs without a distinct differenceWhich of the following is the most appropriate measure of association used in case-control studies? a. Hazard Ratio b. Odds Ratio c. Prevalence Ratio d. Relative Risk or Risk Ratio
- State for each of the following statements if they are true or false: a. Cumulative incidence ratio, incidence rate ratio and prevalence are always unitless. b. For a given exposure and outcome, if the incidence rate ratio is < 1, then the incidence rate difference is < 0. c. An odds of 2:3 has the same magnitude as a risk of 2/5. d. In a case-control study comparing the association of a specific exposure between cases and controls, the only measure of association that we can directly calculate is the odds ratio. e. Attributable risk is more informative to policymaking than cumulative incidence ratio. Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere pleaseState for each of the following statements if they are true or false: a. Cumulative incidence ratio, incidence rate ratio and prevalence are always unitless. b. For a given exposure and outcome, if the incidence rate ratio is < 1, then the incidence rate difference is < 0. c. An odds of 2:3 has the same magnitude as a risk of 2/5. d. In a case-control study comparing the association of a specific exposure between cases and controls, the only measure of association that we can directly calculate is the odds ratio. e. Attributable risk is more informative to policymaking than cumulative incidence ratio.Briefly discuss the following topics and include appropriate examples for each:1.1. Information bias1.2. Use of genetic markers to determine risk of disease 1.3. Non-compliant study subjects 1.4. Calculating proportionate mortality 1.5. Phase III clinical trials
- share your opinion on the most significant barrier a clinical research professional may face in recruiting and retaining study subjects in a pandemic environment. identify a strategy that would effectively overcome the previously identified recruitment and retention barrier. Describe how you would implement the strategy as a clinical research coordinator considering local dynamics and the pandemic environment.================================Community health nurses use epidemiological concepts to: a.Improve the health of population groups by identifying risk factors that reduce risk and promote illness. b.None of the answers. c.Epidemiological methods are not needed in assessment diagnosis, planning or evaluating community interventions. d.Epidemiologists are not concerned with interrelationships between host and environmental characteristics. ================================Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic? a.Conducting assessment of suspected cases to detect the communicable disease, and teaching the community on preventive measures against the disease. b.Teaching the community on preventive measures against the disease. c.Monitoring the condition of the cases affected by the communicable disease. d.Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic.What are the strengths of twin studies with regard to other epidemiologic study designs? What makes them particularly useful when studying health outcomes?
- Match the following study types to their definition below: case control study, randomized controlled trial, registry, Inv estigational Device Exemptions (IDE) Prospectively comparing the outcomes of patients randomly assigned to be treated with a new device or procedure relative to a control group that may receive no treatment or standard treatment A. Case control study Monitoring outcomes through a collection of cases performed in a real world, which may be accumulated either prospectively or retrospectively after a number of cases have been performed B. Registry - ~ Retrospectively comparing the outcomes of a group of patients treated with a new device or procedure to a matched group receiving no treatment or a standard treatment C. Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE) - ~ Allows a device to be used in a clinical study in order to collect safety and effectiveness data. D. Randomized controlled trial5. Discuss the figure below. Give specific examples as needed: DESCRIPTIVE Describe a disease or health condition/phenomenon or intervention ANALYTIC Examine association (test of hypothesis) Experimental Exposure variables are assigned Observational Турes 1. Case reports/Case series Exposure and outcome variables are just observed 2. Prevalence survey (cross- sectional) 3. Ecologic study Турes 1. Cross-sectional Турes 1. Clinical trials 2. Case-control 3. Cohort 2. Field trials 3. Community intervention trials 4. Ecologic Hypothesis formulation Identification of risk/protective factorsGive several examples of disease keys, diagrams, and scales that are widely used for disease assessment. Are any of these methods for quantifying amount of disease superior to other methods? Explain your answer
