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- France and Poland each have one worker whosemonthly linear Production PossibilityFrontier indicatesthe following production possibilities: PolandFranceComputers (C) 246Grain (G) 43 a)France’sopportunity cost of G in terms of units of C equals ______ ? b) Poland’sopportunity cost of G in terms of units of C equals ______ ?For the followingparts, please complete the questions by filling in the blank, and responding toremainderof the question: c) Poland’scomparative advantage is in ______ because: d) If France and Poland decide to trade, _________ will be theexporter of G while ______ will bethe importer because: e) If the economies choose to trade, the world relative priceof goods must be ________ in orderfor trade to be mutually beneficial, because:1. There are two countries, NZ and AUS, which use the same technology for production of food and cloth. The labour (L) and capital (K) endowments areL=100andk=60forNZ,and L=50andk-20forAUS. Theinputs used in production in NZ and in AUS are given in the following table: NZ AUS Labour Capital Labour Capital Food aLF =4 akF=3a-LF =6 8-KF=2 Cloth alc =6 axc=5 a-Lc =8 a-xc=4 Which good is capital-intensive in NZ? In AUS? Which good is labour-intensive in NZ? In AUS? Which country is labour-abundant? Which is capital-abundant? Draw the PPF curves for the two countries. Which country has a higher relative supply of cloth if the countries face the same relative price of cloth? What is the level of free trade relative price of cloth compared to the two autarky relative prices of cloth? Which country exports what? Relate the answer to the Heckscher- Ohlin Theorem. Illustrate the imports and exports. Show using indifference curves that both countries gain from trade.The table below presents production schedule of apples and bananas in the country of mistania - assume that these are the only two goods that Mistania produces. Each row represents a specific set of apples and bananas that Mistania could produce. Suppose Mistania was currently at Senario C, producing 10 bananas and 80 apples. According to the data in this table, if Mistania wanted to produc 1 more banana, how many fewer apples will it need to produce? Scenario Bananas Apples A 0 100 B 5 90 C 10 80 D 15 70 E 20 60
- Consider two competitive economies that have the same quantities of labor and capital (K=L), and the same technology. The economies of the countries are described by the following Cobb–Douglas production functions: North Economy: Y = AK^0.7 L^0.3 South Economy: Y = AK^0.3 L^0.7 If half of workers (L) in North immigrated to South, explain how would total output, marginal produc- tivity of labor, and labor’s share of income in the two economies change?Using a production possibilities frontier (PPF) diagram, determine how does the PPF changein response to the following events:Make sure to explicitly indicate what sectors you are representing, and what sort ofassumptions each event implies (i.e., a neutral effect vs a sector-biased effect). The latterfollows from your assumptions on the factor intensity of the sector you are representing. c) Decreasing the expenditure on research and developmentd) Implementation of easier rules for foreign investmente) The effects of a pandemicUsing a production possibilities frontier (PPF) diagram, determine how does the PPF changein response to the events describe below.Make sure to explicitly indicate what sectors you are representing, and what sort ofassumptions each event implies (i.e., a neutral effect vs a sector-biased effect). The latterfollows from your assumptions on the factor intensity of the sector you are representing.a) A relaxation of policies allowing more foreign direct investment into the country.b) Increasing the minimum wage level.c) A decrease in expenditure on research and development.d) An increase in the retirement age.e) Government policies supporting the provision of services, without affecting
- Using a production possibilities frontier (PPF) diagram, determine how does a country’s PPFchange in response to the events described below.Make sure to explicitly indicate what sectors you are representing, and what sort ofassumptions each event implies (i.e., a neutral effect vs a sector-biased effect). The latterfollows from your assumptions on the factor intensity of the sector you are representing. a) Reducing skilled migration into the countryb) Imposing import taxes (tariffs) on intermediate inputsc) Increasing the expenditure on research and developmentd) An increase in the retirement age (providing greater flexibility in labour markets)e) The effects of a natural disaster.At the start of this unit, we discussed the decision by many clothing companies to outsource production to Bangladesh and other low-wage economies. Show your results in a single diagram. 1. Draw the best response curve of the workers in the high-wage home country in the absence of outsourcing (with the wage on the horizontal axis, and effort on the vertical axis). 2. In the same diagram show the best response curve of workers in the foreign low-wage country in the absence of outsourcing. (Assume that wages are measured in dollars in both cases.) 3. Show in your diagram what the home country employer will pay home country workers if outsourcing is not possible. 4. Show in your diagram what the home country employer will pay workers in the low- wage country if it switches production there (ignore the costs of moving production). 5. Now assume that outsourcing is possible and is widely practiced by many firms in the clothing industry. Show the best response function for home country…Assume that England and Spain can switch between producing cheese and producing bread at a constant Labor Hours Needed to Make 1 Unit of Number of Units Produced in 24 Hours Cheese Bread Cheese Bread England 2 3 12 8 Spain 3 6 8 4 Assume that England and Spain each has 24 labor hours available. If each country divides its time equally between the production of cheese and bread, then what will be the total production of Cheese and Bread? Check to see if the following combination of Chease and Bread could be produced in England. 6 units of cheese and 4 units of bread. 8 units of cheese and 3 units of bread.
- 1. Consider the following example of the Ricardian model Units of labor required per unit of output: France (F) Italy (I) 5 2 Beef (B) Corn (C) 3 4 Labor Force (a) Determine which country has an absolute advantage in which good and which country has a comparative advantage in which good. Compute opportunity cost ratios and relative autarky prices, defined as PC/PB. 48000 50000 (b) Draw the PPFs (put C on the horizontal axis) and label endpoints with appropriate figures. Supposing that each country splits its labor force in half between C and B in autarky, show the autarky equilibrium. (c) Now let the price ratio established in trade equal (Pc/PB)* = 1.0 and suppose France exports 500 units of beef. Determine each country's imports and exports, show the equilibrium trade triangles and compute the gains from trade for each country in terms of units of B and C. Briefly indicate which country gets larger gains and why.Assume a Ricardian, constant-cost world. There are two countries, the United States andCanada. Each country can produce cameras and milk. The table below shows production perman-hour for each country. US Canada cameras 6 2 milk 1 2 The United States has a labor force of 1,000 workers, and Canada has a labor force of 500workers.a) Graph the world supply curve for cameras.b) Show a possible world demand curve and price (assuming that both countries completelyspecialize).Task 2. Assume that Saxony has 500 labor hours per week, while Leinster has 1200. Both countries produce bicycles and roller skates. In Saxony, the labor requirement for a bicycle is 20 hours, while a roller skate costs 10. In Leinster, the labor requirement for a bicycle is 15 hours, while a roller skate costs 8 hours. In both countries, there are constant costs of production. a, Plot the production possibility curves for both countries. Plot community indifference curves as well and indicate a possible point of consumption and production (assuming there is no trade between the two countries)! Don't forget to name the axes. b, Calculate the opportunity cost of bicycle and roller skate in both countries. Which country has a comparative advantage in producing bicycle? And which one in roller skate? Why? c, Suppose trade opens up between the two countries and the international price of roller skate settles at 1.9 bicycle. Can this be the international price? d, Due to large scale…