Consider the spot and forward FX quotes in dollars. Spot: 54.10   30-day forward: 54.90   60-day forward: 55.40   90-day forward: 56.00  On April 3, 2023, Ford enters in a 3-month long forward contract to buy $10,000,000 at ₱56.00 per 1 USD to Rangers Corporation. After 90 days, the exchange rate is at ₱58.00. How much will Ford pays at the end of the 90-day contract?  Who will be the gainer and loser in the forward contract? How much did they gain and lose?

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Exchange Rate Risk

It is the possibility that the value of a currency will fluctuate in the future. In the wake of globalization, business establishments have increasingly ventured into international markets. The volume of international trade has prospered excellently in the near past and is expected to be more affluent in the future. The use of exchange-traded derivative financial instruments has been multi-folded to provide for the requirements of various MNCs and offshore potential investors. Most banks and financial institutions have helped integrate the global economies. Our Government has introduced some bold and extreme measures to fulfil the purpose behind the fiscal, industrial, and monetary policies. The enactment of GST is a huge step towards streamlining the taxation system of the country. Owing to Covid-19, this aspect of corporate risk management has become critical.