D Question 9 Which of these are not a criterion for being a neurotransmitter? O It must be readily diffusible through the cell membrane O It must be released by an active neuron, and produce a response in a target It must be synthesized or present in the neuron There must be a mechanism for removing the chemical from its site of action

D Question 9 Which of these are not a criterion for being a neurotransmitter? O It must be readily diffusible through the cell membrane O It must be released by an active neuron, and produce a response in a target It must be synthesized or present in the neuron There must be a mechanism for removing the chemical from its site of action

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQE: One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma...

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What happens across the membrane of an electricallyactive cell is a dynamic process that is hard to visualizewith static images or through text descriptions. View thisanimation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/dynamic1) toreally understand the process. What is the differencebetween the driving force for Na+ and K+? And what issimilar about the movement of these two ions?
Ligand binding of a (????) causes conformational changes in the receptor that free the associated G-protein to interact with other membrane proteins Voltage gated ion channel GPCR Ligand gated ion channel Ligandase pore
What causes an alteration in cell resting membrane potential? What signs and symptoms would you expect to identify when your patient has an altered RMP?
What is an example of receptor/ligand binding? O Simple diffusion O A hormone binding to a receptor O None of these is correct Facilitated diffusion O Active transport
One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?
Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)
Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.
The abundant intercellular connections gab junction can be found in O diaphragm O Heart muscle O Skeletal muscle O Smooth muscle
In which way are voltage-gated ion channels and active transporters similar? a they are required to move small permeable molecules across cell membranes b they are proteins which move molecules across cell membranes c they utilize facilitated diffusion d they directly require energy in the form of ATP to move molecules e they generate concentration gradients
An analog of cGMP, 8-Br-cGMP, will permeate cellular membranes, is only slowly degraded by a rod cell’s PDE activity, and is as effective as cGMP in opening the gated channel in the cell’s outer segment. If you suspended rod cells in a buffer containing a relatively high [8-Br-cGMP], then illuminatedthe cells while measuring their membrane potential, what would you observe?
QUESTION 1 Gap junctions are involved in O endocrine none of the other choices O neural paracrine QUESTION 2 Potassium ions enter a cell by active transport, diffusion O diffusion, diffusion active transport, active transport O diffusion, active transport QUESTION 3 O altering transcription signaling. Compared to water-soluble signals, lipid-soluble signals are more likely to produce their effects on the target cell by: activating enzymes at the plasma membrane opening or closing ion channels QUESTION 4 and exit a cell by Opening potassium ion channels in a neuron will lead to the cell interior becoming: less negative, which is hyperpolarization less negative, which is depolarization more negative, which is hyperpolarization O more negative, which is depolarization
In muscle, calcium moves from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum by O active transport, ion channels using diffusion, pumps O diffusion, ion channels active transport, pumps