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Answer all the questions.
1. Differentiate between exotoxin and endotoxin. Give at least 2 examples of organisms producing each of the toxin.
2. Enumerate and briefly explain the different types of vaccines. Give 2 examples each.
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- This is for an immunology class 1. Name of a type of host defense mechanism 2. One of the types of 1. 3. Function of antibodies 4. Function of antibodies 5. Process by which different types of antibodies are generatedPlease give me 1.the definition of vaccine and 2.advantages and disadvantages of vaccinesAnswer the questions and explain briefly. 1. How can you apply the Germ Theory of Disease and the Koch’s Postulates in identifying the cause of all diseases? 2. The whole world is currently experiencing a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. How do viruses differ from other types of microorganisms? 3. What do you think bacteria need to grow? 4. In which of the four phases of bacterial growth would an antibiotic best work? 5. Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium seen within our body. How will you characterize it based on its requirements for pH, temperature and aeration?
- write out summary on Mononucleosis and why vaccines are not as effective you are asked to research a case where the development of an effective vaccine against has proved difficult or impossible. Please be sure to mention: The pathogen targeted The disease(s) implicated If a vaccine has been developed or is being developed, what kind of vaccine is it (live attenuated, toxoid, etc.)? Does it contain an adjuvant? Are boosters required? Any safety issues? Why the development of an effective vaccine has been difficult or impossibleAnswer all the questions. 1. As a nurse, how can you explain to people the role of IgG and IgM during an infection? 2. As a nurse, what is probably the best way to attain herd immunity in this pandemic?This is a case study for Immunology & Serology with (4) questions for studying purposes. A 35-year-old man recently received a kidney transplant. He had been feeling well until 2 weeks before, when he experienced a sore throat, fever, chills, profound malaise, and myalgia. Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were observed. His medications included cyclosporine. 1. Could this patient be suffering from an infectious disease?2. Why would this patient be susceptible to an opportunistic infection?3. How could an infection of this type be potentially eliminated?4. Are health care workers at risk for infections of this type?
- help me to fill out this table. 4 colomns 1.Body System(s) Affected 2.Mode of Transmission 3.Major Signs & Symptoms 4.VaccineNOTE: limit your answers to 3-5 sentences only.1. What are antigens and antibodies? Explain how antibodies are produced. 2. If you are receiving Hepatitis B vaccine once a month for three consecutive months and a booster shot after a year, your vaccination is what type of immunity? Elaborate1. Identify the vaccine, risk group, primary series of doses (and booster doses, if available) to prevent the following diseases. Disease 1. Tetanus 2. Diphtheria 3. Polio 4. Meningococca I meningitis 5. Yellow fever 6. holera 7. Typhoid fever 8. Japanese encephalitis 9. Influenza 10. Measles 11. Pertussis 12. Mumps 13. Rubella 14. Hepatitis A 15. Hepatitis B 16. Rabies 17. Pneumococcal pneumonia Vaccine Primary Series of Vaccine Booster Doses Risk Group
- A 5-year-old child was hospitalized in a surgical hospital for planned surgery. Antibodies (IgG) to HBSAg were detected during the study of blood serum by immunoenzymatic method. There are no biochemical markers indicating viral hepatitis. Vaccinations were received according to the calendar of planned preventive vaccinations. 1. What can the research results indicate? 2. The doctor's tactics in relation to this child. 3. Describe the dynamics of antibody synthesis depending on the form and stage of the disease. 4. In what conditions, in addition to disease, can the dynamics of antibody synthesis change?1. Patient X was brought to the emergency room by his mother because he was gushing blood from his mouth after a fall that occurred about 6 hours prior. His mother started that he bled for lengthly periods of time from his vaccine sites, but that he had never had any bruishing or hematomas. The patient was taking medicines for an ear infection he had recently. There was no known history of a bleeding disease in the family. Which from the following is helpful for the diagnosis? a.VWF: Factor VIII binding assay b. Collagen binding assay c. VWF: RCoF assay d. Low dose ristocetin induced platelet agglutination (RIPA) 2. Most patient with hemophilia are male however in uncommon causes, female also can have hemophilia. a.True b. FalseDiscuss artificially acquired active immunity. Give at least 5 reason why or not vaccines are a good solution for controlling infectious diseases. Discuss the role of vaccine in developing herd immunity