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- Why is salbutamol better than isoproterenol in asthma management in terms of mechanism of action?Discuss why beta blocker therapy is used in addition to nitroglycerin?Present the rationale for clinical applications of COX inhibitors. What is a difference between COX-1 and COX-2 activity blocking drugs? How can they be used in clinical practice?
- neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists known to inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme. There is a potential drug drug interaction between lopinavir/ritonavir combination and aprepitant. Explain the potential pharmacokinetic consequences of the interaction on PK parameters of lopinavir and ritonavir following oral administration. AUC, apparent volume of distribution, clearance.Why is the use of first-generation H1-antihistamines discouraged in clinical practice today?explain in detail ephrin receptor EPHB2 receptor interaction with PDZ ligand. give full step by step explanantion.
- All of the following augment activity of biguanides, except:A. MAO inhibitorsB. ACE inhibitorsC. Beta blockersD. Delayed calcium channel blockersE. ТetracyclinesDescribe the role of selective NSAIDs for reducing inflammation and pain.(mention the academic reference)What are muscarinic antagonists? Explain the Pharmacodynamics
- Define an opioid agonist, antagonist, mixed agonist-antagonist, and partial agonist. Give an example of each and how they are therapeutically useful.Why is salbutamol better than isoproterenol in asthma management in terms of agonistic effect?Briefly describe the difference between agonist and antagonists. What is a difference comparing to allosteric modulators? What are major factors that alter pharmacokinetics in elderly? Give some examples.