Answered: Discuss what happens to the action…

Discuss what happens to the action potential shape when the neuronal environment has sodium removed. What happens if it is then replace?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section4.3: Action Potentials

Problem 1CYU: Draw and label an action potential, indicating the ion movements responsible for the rising phase...

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Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

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Discuss what happens to the action potential shape when the neuronal environment has sodium removed. What happens if it is then replace?

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Draw and label an action potential, indicating the ion movements responsible for the rising phase and the falling phase.
In the figure to the left, name the 4 phases of the action potential (Note: you have to write in where phase 4 occurs). Describe what happens in each phase with a focus on Na+ and K+ flow through channels and the membrane potential. Discuss the importance of threshold. How does this relate to the concept of APs being all or none?
Name the three phases of an action potential. Describe for each the underlying molecular basis and the ion involved. Why is the term voltage-gated channel applied to Na+ channels involved in the generation of an action potential?
a) Explain in detail what is occurring at stage A in the graph. (Be specific in terms of what's happening to the ion channels in your explanation if necessary!) b) What does this graph represent as a whole? Explain the main idea it portrays. +40| -70- A 1 2 4 Time/ms Potential Difference/mV B
Describe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)
Describe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential: Part A Na+K+ Pump Passive movement of K+ across the membrane Passive movement of Na+ across the membrane Part B Resting membrane potential is approximately -70mV. Explain what resting membrane potential is and what -70mV refers to.
What is the role of maximal potassium conductance in the generation and propagation of action potential?
Draw details of the repolarization phase of an action potential from the following descriptions of the sequences of AfterHyperPolarization (AHP) and AfterDePolarization (ADP) sequences. Make the distinct phases clear and noticeable (5 % each) A complex AHP consisting of a first component AHP, an ADP, and a second component AHP before repolarization to resting membrane potential a first fast AHP component, followed by a slower AHP, followed by a fast ADP, and a second late AHP component before repolarization to rest
Give a detailed, step-by-step description of the stages of an action potential, including a description of and explanation for the refractory periods and the rising and falling phases as well as return to rest. In your explanation, make sure to include 1) summation principles, 2) key membrane potentials (values), 3) location of voltage changes along the membrane, 4) states of the various voltage-gated channels. The more detail, the better. There are 5 main steps.
Based upon the changes in permeability seen in the trace below and your knowledge of ion distributions across a cell, predict how ion movements would change during an action potential. Drag and drop each phrase into the appropriate box on the action potential trace. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Note: not all labels will be used. ►View Available Hint(s) Sodium (Na+) ions move to the axon Sodium (Na) ions move out of the axon Less potassium (K) ions move out of the axon Potassium (K) ions move out of the axon Potassium (K¹) ions move into the axon Sodium (Na) ions stop moving in Membrane potential (mv) +30 +10 0 -10- -30 -50 -70 -90 A PNa 0 PNa 5 6 1 PK Threshold PK 2 Reset Help
The compound tetraethylammonium (TEA) blocks the voltage-gated changes in potassium permeability that occurs during an action potential. After administration of TEA, what changes would you expect in the action potential?
Describe the resting potential for neurons. How is this potential established? Describe the development of the action potential. How does this come about, and what is the function of this phenomenon? Include a diagram of the various stages of the action potential, showing the changes in voltage that occur throughout this phenomenon