Electrophoretic-Mobility Shift Assay DNA affinity chromatography Immunoprecipitation DNA footprint DNA fingerprint Yeast two hybrid Northern blot Western blot .Microarrays I A. Used for detection of protein by hybridization. B. Used for detection of DNA separated by gel electrophoresis. C. Used for detection of RNA separated by gel electrophoresis D. Electrophoresis assay used to identify the sequences of DNA to which specific regulatory proteins bind, shifting the subsequent migratory pattern of the proteins in electrophoresis. E. Technique which isolates DNA-binding proteins based on their binding to specific DNA sequences absorbed on a solid surface. F. Technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. G. Technique which examines DNA:protein interactions by looking for the specific binding between a protein and DNA, which then protects the DNA from DNAse cleavage. H. Technique which examines protein:protein interactions by fusing proteins-of-interest to known DNA-binding and activator domains; protein binding activates a reporter gene. I. The ability to distinguish between individuals based on the number of tandem coples (repeats) of minisatellite DNA. J. Collection of DNA on solid surface; binds to target sequence in sample, and allows rapid, high-throughput screening
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
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