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- A stable triatomic molecule can be formed that contains one atom each of nitrogen, sulfur, and fluorine. Three bonding structures are possible, depending on which is the central atom: NSF, SNF, and SFN. (a) Write a Lewis diagram for each of these molecules, indicating the formal charge on each atom. (b) Often, the structure with the least separation of formal charge is the most stable. Is this statement consistent with the observed structure for this molecule—namely, NSF, which has a central sulfur atom? (c) Does consideration of the electronegativities of N, S, and F from Figure 3.18 help rationalize this observed structure? Explain.Atoms form ions so as to achieve electron configurations similar to those of the noble gases. For the following pairs of noble gas configurations, give the formulas of two simple ionic compounds that would have comparable electron configurations. msp;a.[He]and[Ne]c.[He]and[Ar]b.[Ne]and[Ne]d.[Ne]and[Ar]Complete the rest of the table for N, O or X by drawing the number of Lewis structures specified.
- The percent ionic character of a bond can be approximated by the formula 16+3.52 , where is the magnitude of the difference in the electronegativities of the atoms (see Fig. 3.18). Calculate the percent ionic character of HF, HCl, HBr, HI, and CsF, and compare the results with those in Table 3.7.Fill in the blanks in each line of the following table that involves characteristics of various bonds between nonmetals. The first line is already completed as an example.Given the following electro negativities C=2.5N=3.0S=2.6 what is the central atom in CNS-?
- Acrylonitrile is the building block of the synthetic fiber Orlon. Acrylonitrile Which carbon-carbon bond is shorter? Which carbon-carbon bond is stronger? Which bond is the most polar? What is the partial negative end of that bond?Distinguish between the terms electronegativity versus electron affinity, covalent bond versus ionic bond, and pure covalent bond versus polar covalent bond. Characterize the types of bonds in terms of electronegativity difference. Energetically, why do ionic and covalcnt bonds form?What is meant by a chemical bond? Why do atoms form bonds with each other? Why do some elements exist as molecules in nature instead of as free atoms?
- White phosphorus (P4) consists of four phosphorus atoms arranged at the corners of a tetrahedron. Draw the valence electrons on this structure to give a Lewis diagram that satisfies the octet rule.Estimate the percent ionic character of the bond in each of the following species. All the species are unstable or reactive under ordinary laboratory conditions, but they can be observed in interstellar space.Given the bonds C N, C H, C Br, and S O, (a) which atom in each is the more electronegative? (b) which of these bonds is the most polar?