esign an epithelium that moves K+ from the lumen to the interstitial fluid with a minimum number of proteins. Include all proteins required to accomplish
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Design an epithelium that moves K+ from the lumen to the interstitial fluid with a minimum number of proteins. Include all proteins required to accomplish this task
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- What are the two major Contractile Proteins? Which of the proteins is "bound" and "anchored" to the cell membrane? The other protein essentially "floats" within the cytoplasm; which contractile protein "floats".Analogs of hemidesmosomes are the focal contact sites, which are also sites where the cell attaches to the extracellular matrix. These junctions are prevalent in fibroblasts but largely absent in epithelial cells. on the other hand, hemidesmosomes are prevalent in epithelial cells but absent in fibroblasts. In focal contact sites, intracellular connections are made to actin filaments, whereas in hemidesmosomes connections are made to intermediate filaments. Why do you suppose these two different cell types attach differently to the extracellular matrix?What is the Calculated size of 1 cell of simple cuboidal epithelium. Show work including units.
- During a microscopy exercise in the anatomy laboratory,a student makes the following observations about a tissuesection: (1) The section contains some different types ofscattered protein fibers—that is, they exhibit differentwidths, some are branched, some are long and unbranched,and their staining characteristics differ (some are seenonly with specific stains). (2) Several cell types withdifferent morphologies are scattered throughout the section,but these cells are not grouped tightly together. (3) Theexamined section has some “open spaces”—that is, placesbetween cells and the observed fibers in the section thatappear clear with no recognizable features. What type oftissue is the student observing? Where might this tissue befound in the body?all the following statements which relate to apical surface modifications(brush border) of epithelial cells are true except. * these are anchored in a dense mat of microfilaments in the apical cytoplasm called the terminal, lateral web. The apical surface of cells in intestine is usually covered with microvilli. the microfilaments can contract, By interacting with cytoplasmic myosin, then caused the shortening of the microvilli. cores of microvilli are composed of parallel actin microfilaments.Epithelial sheets are classified by their number of cell layers and their cell shape. In the following table, draw simplified illustrations of the eight classifications. In each illustration, identify the cells, nuclei, and basement membrane. For the stratified epithelia, you only need to draw two or three cell layers, as shown in the stratified cuboidal epithelium example provided in the table. Simple squamous Stratified squamous Simple cuboidal Stratified cuboidal Simple columnar Stratified columnar Pseudostratified columnar Transitional
- Discuss about Intercellular and intracellular interactions ofclassical cadherins in typical adherens junctions.Describe the changes in cell shape and number of celllayers in transitional epithelium as it is stretched. Where istransitional epithelium found?Anchoring junctions are important in distributing of mechanical stress and maintains the integrity of epithelial cell layer
- What are the three major types of protein fibers in the extracellular matrix? Describe briefly.Adherens junctions link together adjacent cells in an epithelial sheet through the lateral associations of numerous cadherin molecules. On their cytosolic surfaces these junctions are tied to the actin networks of the neighboring cells (see the figure), giving them the remarkable ability to sense mechanical stresses and generate biochemical signals that lead to an appropriate response. Each of the following statements accurately describes a property of this process of mechanotransduction EXCEPT: plasma membrane p120-catenin B-catenin a-catenin actin filaments cadherin vinculin CYTOSOL Choose one: ⒸA. Inhibition of myosin leads to a compensating increase in the size of an adherens junction. OB. Adherens junctions respond to mechanical stress by balancing the forces on adjacent cells. ⒸC. Adherens junctions sense tension and change behavior in response to mechanical stresses. OD. Artificially increased contractile stress in a cell increases the size of an adherens junction.One way to characterise biological tissue is to send a small electrical current through the tissue and measure the opposition to flow of that current through the tissue. In humans, the resistivity of fat is considerably greater than for muscle, which in turn is considerably greater than for blood and other body fluids. This can be used to analyse body composition, in particular, to estimate body fat percentage. (a) Using a simple model of fat versus non-fat tissue, draw a circuit diagram to represent the possible flows of current through the tissue. (b) Why would the analysis of body composition need to take into account the height and weight of the person? (c) How could the level of hydration or electrolyte abnormalities in the person affect the results of the analysis? DII Prt Scn a Home 9 F4 ES F6 F7 2$ & 4 6 7 8. 9