Every pair of vertices in a graph that is linked by two different paths is said to be biconnected. An articulation point in a connected graph is a vertex that, if it and its surrounding edges were eliminated, would cause the graph to become disconnected. demonstrate the biconnection of any graph lacking articulation points. Tip: To create two disjoint paths connecting s and t given a set of vertices s and t and a path connecting them, take advantage of the fact that none of the vertices on the path are articulation points.
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Every pair of vertices in a graph that is linked by two different paths is said to be biconnected. An articulation point in a connected graph is a vertex that, if it and its surrounding edges were eliminated, would cause the graph to become disconnected. demonstrate the biconnection of any graph lacking articulation points. Tip: To create two disjoint paths connecting s and t given a set of vertices s and t and a path connecting them, take advantage of the fact that none of the vertices on the path are articulation points.
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- 5. (This question goes slightly beyond what was covered in the lectures, but you can solve it by combining algorithms that we have described.) A directed graph is said to be strongly connected if every vertex is reachable from every other vertex; i.e., for every pair of vertices u, v, there is a directed path from u to v and a directed path from v to u. A strong component of a graph is then a maximal subgraph that is strongly connected. That is all vertices in a strong component can reach each other, and any other vertex in the directed graph either cannot reach the strong component or cannot be reached from the component. (Note that we are considering directed graphs, so for a pair of vertices u and v there could be a path from u to v, but no path path from v back to u; in that case, u and v are not in the same strong component, even though they are connected by a path in one direction.) Given a vertex v in a directed graph D, design an algorithm for com- puting the strong connected…An Euler path, in a graph or multigraph, is a walk through the graph which uses every edge exactly once. An Euler circuit is an Euler path which starts and stops at the same vertex. NOTE: graphs are in the image attached. Which of the graphs below have Euler paths? Which have Euler circuits? List the degrees of each vertex of the graphs above. Is there a connection between degrees and the existence of Euler paths and circuits? Is it possible for a graph with a degree 1 vertex to have an Euler circuit? If so, draw one. If not, explain why not. What about an Euler path? What if every vertex of the graph has degree 2. Is there an Euler path? An Euler circuit? Draw some graphs. Below is part of a graph. Even though you can only see some of the vertices, can you deduce whether the graph will have an Euler path or circuit? NOTE: graphs is in the image attached.We are given an undirected connected graph G = (V, E) and vertices s and t.Initially, there is a robot at position s and we want to move this robot to position t by moving it along theedges of the graph; at any time step, we can move the robot to one of the neighboring vertices and the robotwill reach that vertex in the next time step.However, we have a problem: at every time step, a subset of vertices of this graph undergo maintenance andif the robot is on one of these vertices at this time step, it will be destroyed (!). Luckily, we are given theschedule of the maintenance for the next T time steps in an array M [1 : T ], where each M [i] is a linked-listof the vertices that undergo maintenance at time step i.Design an algorithm that finds a route for the robot to go from s to t in at most T seconds so that at notime i, the robot is on one of the maintained vertices, or output that this is not possible. The runtime ofyour algorithm should ideally be O((n + m) ·T ) but you will…
- 3) The graph k-coloring problem is stated as follows: Given an undirected graph G= (V,E) with N vertices and M edges and an integer k. Assign to each vertex v in V a color c(v) such that 1A network is considered to be biconnected if every pair of its vertices is linked by two distinct paths. A vertex that, if it and its surrounding edges were removed, would result in the graph becoming unconnected is known as an articulation point in a linked network. show any graph without articulation points that it is biconnected. Use the fact that none of the vertices on the path is an articulation point to construct two disjoint paths connecting s and t given a set of vertices s and t and a path connecting them.Every set of vertices in a graph is biconnected if they are connected by two disjoint paths. In a connected graph, an articulation point is a vertex that would disconnect the graph if it (and its neighbouring edges) were removed. Demonstrate that any graph that lacks articulation points is biconnected. Given two vertices s and t and a path connecting them, use the knowledge that none of the vertices on the path are articulation points to create two disjoint paths connecting s and t.In Computer Science a Graph is represented using an adjacency matrix. Ismatrix is a square matrix whose dimension is the total number of vertices.The following example shows the graphical representation of a graph with 5 vertices, its matrixof adjacency, degree of entry and exit of each vertex, that is, the total number ofarrows that enter or leave each vertex (verify in the image) and the loops of the graph, that issay the vertices that connect with themselvesTo program it, use Object Oriented Programming concepts (Classes, objects, attributes, methods), it can be in Java or in Python.-Declare a constant V with value 5-Declare a variable called Graph that is a VxV matrix of integers-Define a MENU procedure with the following textGRAPHS1. Create Graph2.Show Graph3. Adjacency between pairs4.Input degree5.Output degree6.Loops0.exit-Validate MENU so that it receives only valid options (from 0 to 6), otherwise send an error message and repeat the reading-Make the MENU call in the main…5. Fleury's algorithm is an optimisation solution for finding a Euler Circuit of Euler Path in a graph, if they exist. Describe how this algorithm will always find a path or circuit if it exists. Describe how you calculate if the graph is connected at each edge removal. Fleury's Algorithm: The algorithm starts at a vertex of v odd degree, or, if the graph has none, it starts with an arbitrarily chosen vertex. At each step it chooses the next edge in the path to be one whose deletion would not disconnect the graph, unless there is no such edge, in which case it picks the remaining edge (a bridge) left at the current vertex. It then moves to the other endpoint of that edge and adds the edge to the path or circuit. At the end of the algorithm there are no edges left ( or all your bridges are burnt). (NOTE: Please elaborate on the answer and explain. Please do not copy-paste the answer from the internet or from Chegg.)3) The graph k-coloring problem is stated as follows: Given an undirected graph G = (V,E) with N vertices and M edges and an integer k. Assign to each vertex v in Va color c(v) such that 1< c(v)a 2. Consider the graph G drawn below. d b e a) Give the vertex set of the G. Give the set of edge of G. b) c) Find the degree of each of the vertices of the graph G. d) Add the degrees of all the vertices of the graph G and compare that sum to the number of edges in G, what do you find? e) Give a path of length 1, of length 2, and of length 3 in G. f) Find the longest path you can in G? h (Remember that you cannot repeat vertices).Let G be a graph. We say that a set of vertices C form a vertex cover if every edge of G is incident to at least one vertex in C. We say that a set of vertices I form an independent set if no edge in G connects two vertices from I. For example, if G is the graph above, C = [b, d, e, f, g, h, j] is a vertex cover since each of the 20 edges in the graph has at least one endpoint in C, and I = = [a, c, i, k] is an independent set because none of these edges appear in the graph: ac, ai, ak, ci, ck, ik. 2a In the example above, notice that each vertex belongs to the vertex cover C or the independent set I. Do you think that this is a coincidence? 2b In the above graph, clearly explain why the maximum size of an independent set is 5. In other words, carefully explain why there does not exist an independent set with 6 or more vertices.Suppose you have a graph G with 6 vertices and 7 edges, and you are given the following information: The degree of vertex 1 is 3. The degree of vertex 2 is 4. The degree of vertex 3 is 2. The degree of vertex 4 is 3. The degree of vertex 5 is 2. The degree of vertex 6 is 2. 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