Example 4-7: Single-stage softening A water with the ionic characteristics shown in the bar diagram below is to be softened to the minimum calcium hardness by the lime-soda ash process. Magnesium removal is not deemed necessary. 1. Calculate the chemical requirements and solids produced in milliequivalents per liter. 2. Draw a bar diagram for the finished water. 3. For a flow of 25,000 m³/d, calculate the daily chemical requirement and the mass of solids produced. Assume that the lime used is 90 percent pure and the soda ash is 85 percent pure. Ca²+ ISH- HCO3 3.5 mequiv/L mequiv/L Co 1.0 5.0 Mg²+ 6.0 SO²- Na* 8.0 8.0

Example 4-7: Single-stage softening A water with the ionic characteristics shown in the bar diagram below is to be softened to the minimum calcium hardness by the lime-soda ash process. Magnesium removal is not deemed necessary. 1. Calculate the chemical requirements and solids produced in milliequivalents per liter. 2. Draw a bar diagram for the finished water. 3. For a flow of 25,000 m³/d, calculate the daily chemical requirement and the mass of solids produced. Assume that the lime used is 90 percent pure and the soda ash is 85 percent pure. Ca²+ ISH- HCO3 3.5 mequiv/L mequiv/L Co 1.0 5.0 Mg²+ 6.0 SO²- Na* 8.0 8.0

Materials Science And Engineering Properties

1st Edition

ISBN:9781111988609

Author:Charles Gilmore

Publisher:Charles Gilmore

Chapter10: Oxidation, Degradation, Corrosion, Electroprocessing, Batteries, And Fuel Cells

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.1P

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Example 4-7: Single-stage softening A water with the ionic characteristics shown in the bar diagram below is to be softened to the minimum calcium hardness by the lime-soda ash process. Magnesium removal is not deemed necessary. 1. Calculate the chemical requirements and solids produced in milliequivalents per liter. 2. Draw a bar diagram for the finished water. 3. For a flow of 25,000 m³/d, calculate the daily chemical requirement and the mass of solids produced. Assume that the lime used is 90 percent pure and the soda ash is 85 percent pure. mequiv/L mequiv/L co 1.0 Ca²+ нсо; 3.5 5.0 Mg²+ 6.0 so²- Na 8.0 8.0
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