Explain the importance of distribution considerations for electrical loads and economic considerations in the distribution system. Justify your answer with real time applications.
Load flow analysis
Load flow analysis is a study or numerical calculation of the power flow of power in steady-state conditions in any electrical system. It is used to determine the flow of power (real and reactive), voltage, or current in a system under any load conditions.
Nodal Matrix
The nodal matrix or simply known as admittance matrix, generally in engineering term it is called Y Matrix or Y bus, since it involve matrices so it is also referred as a n into n order matrix that represents a power system with n number of buses. It shows the buses' nodal admittance in a power system. The Y matrix is rather sparse in actual systems with thousands of buses. In the power system the transmission cables connect each bus to only a few other buses. Also the important data that one needs for have a power flow study is the Y Matrix.
Types of Buses
A bus is a type of system of communication that transfers data between the components inside a computer or between two or more computers. With multiple hardware connections, the earlier buses were parallel electrical wires but the term "bus" is now used for any type of physical arrangement which provides the same type of logical functions similar to the parallel electrical bus. Both parallel and bit connections are used by modern buses. They can be wired either electrical parallel or daisy chain topology or are connected by hubs which are switched same as in the case of Universal Serial Bus or USB.
Explain the importance of distribution considerations for electrical loads and economic considerations in the distribution system. Justify your answer with real time applications.
The distribution line is the medium for carrying the electricity from the substation to the consumers.
In generating plants, the electricity is generated at very low voltage because this small voltage production will not put much stress on the alternator armature.
Therefore, the small alternators are practical and efficient and economic too. But this small voltage cannot get transmitted to the load centers.
Because the small voltage distribution creates high copper losses, high voltage regulation and some more extra cost, therefore step up transformers are used to step up the voltage and this voltage should not pass some limit value otherwise there will occur very high insulation cost.
According to the economic point of view, the generating station can be present only where the resources are available. Sometime consumer location for the production of electricity is not suitable.
So, where the installation of the plant is not possible then by the use of long transmission line and distribution system it can make possible.
There are many methods to improve the efficiency of the system:
Super conducting materials and high voltage direct current transmission line are more efficient in compare to the normal ac lines.
Flexible AC transmission system FACTS can be used for the distribution.
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