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- In a time-resolved picosecond spectroscopy experiment, Sheps, Crowther, Carrier, and Crim (Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 110, 2006; pp. 30873092) generated chlorine atoms in the presence of pentane. The pentane was dissolved in dichloromethane, CH2C12. The chlorine atoms are free radicals and are very reactive. After a nanosecond the chlorine atoms have reacted with pentane molecules, removing a hydrogen atom to form HCl and leaving behind a pentane radical with a single unpaired electron. The equation is Cl (dcm) + C5H12(dcm) HCl(dcm) + C5H11 (dcm) where (dcm) indicates that a substance is dissolved in dichloromethane. Measurements of the concentration of chlorine atoms were made as a function of time at three different concentrations of pentane in the dichloromethane. These results are shown in the table. (a) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to chlorine. (b) Determine whether the reaction rate depends on the concentration of pentane in dichloromethane. If so, determine the order of the reaction with respect to pentane. (c) Explain why the concentration of pentane in dichloromethane does not affect the data analysis that you performed in part (a). (d) Write the rate law for the reaction and calculate the rate of reaction for a concentration of chlorine atoms equal to 1.0 M and a pentane concentration of 0.23 M. (e) Sheps, Crowther, Carrier, and Crim found that the rate of formation of HCl matched the rate of disappearance of Cl. From this they concluded that there were no intermediates and side reactions were not important. Explain the basis for this conclusion.(a) Which of the following represents the equation for the reaction between ethane and chlorine in the presence of UV radiation? A C₂H + Cl₂ → C₂H₂Cl₂ + H₂ B C₂H₂ + Cl₂ → C₂H₂Cl + HCI C C₂H₂ + Cl₂ → 2CH₂CI D C₂H₂ + 2Cl₂ → 2CH₂Cl + 2HCI (b) The UV radiation initially causes the formation of A CI-ions. B CI+ ions. C Cl free radicals. D C₂H, free radicals. (c) Once it has started, the reaction can proceed for a time without UV light because A a chain reaction is occurring. B initiation is occurring. C a substitution reaction is occurring. D termination steps cannot occur without UV light.(Q93) Which of the following best describes how a catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction? O By decreasing the activation energy required to form the transition state O By decreasing the enthalpy difference between products and reactants O By removing the transition state Through acting as a supplemental reaction substrate O By ensuring that the reactant molecules do not collide
- how H2O2 can be prepared on the large scale?The reaction of ozone with 2-butene leads to -10 formation of aldehyde + O ketones, aldehyde + alcohol, two molecules of carboxylic acid O.(a) When 3-bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane, (CH3)CH2CBr(CH3)CH2CH 3, reacts with aqueous potassiumhydroxide, an alcohol is formed.(i) Name the type of reaction taking place and give the role of the reagent.Type of reaction ...............................................................................................Role of reagent .................................................................................................(ii) Outline a mechanism for the reaction, showing clearly the structure of the alcohol formed. (b) When 3-bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane reacts with ethanolic potassium hydroxide, three structurallyisomeric alkenes are formed.(i) Name the type of reaction taking place and give the role of the reagent.Type of reaction ...............................................................................................Role of reagent .................................................................................................(ii) One of the reaction products is…
- Describe the reaction to form the catalyst L-prolinamide. (reaction is added below) .Write a mechanism for this reaction: Br Br₂ H2O + ОН Br OHActivated complex 200 (a) 150 Potential Reactants (b) Energy 100 (c) Products 50 Reaction Pathway Nina claims that the graph shown above represents an exothermic reaction with a AH of +100kJ and that energy will be absorbed during this reaction. Is Nina correct? If not, explain and correct her mistake giving explanation. Format BIU- a Farch
- Write the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs whenethylene glycol, C2H41OH22, burns in air.(a) C2H41OH221l2 + 5O21g2 ¡ 2 CO21g2 + 3 H2O1g2(b) 2 C2H41OH221l2 + 5 O21g2 ¡ 4 CO21g2 + 6 H2O1g2(c) C2H41OH221l2 + 3 O21g2 ¡ 2 CO21g2 + 3 H2O1g2(d) C2H41OH221l2 + 5 O1g2 ¡ 2 CO21g2 + 3 H2O1g2(e) 4 C2H41OH221l2 + 10 O21g2 ¡ 8 CO21g2 + 12 H2O1g2write the mechanism (synthesis) of this reaction C NC NC1-Bromobutane reacts with water to form 1-butanol according to the following equation. C4H,Br(aq) + 2 H20(1) → C¿H,OH(aq) + H30*(aq) + Br¯(aq) The following is a proposed mechanism for the reaction. C4H9B1(aq) → C4H,*(aq) + Br¯(aq) C4H,*(aq) + H,0(1) → C4H3OH,*(aq) C,H,OH,*(aq) + H,0() – CH,OH(aq) + H30*(aq) slow fast fast Determine the overall rate law for this proposed mechanism. (Rate expressions take the general form: rate = k. [A]ª . [B]°.) chemPad Help Greek - Rate=k[C4H9B1][H2o²] Rate=k[C_4H_9Br][H_2O^2] Remember that answers are case-sensitive. Your answer contains an incorrect or incomplete chemical formula.
