Fig. 1 shows a functional diagram of an over-current protection circuit. The Supply Source is a 620 Volts DC source with a current rating of 300 Amperes. The protection circuit must blow the fuse whenever the input current to the load exceeds 250 Amperes. Answer the following: Explain carefully how current control is achieved Describe/Explain the selection criteria for the SCR and the resistor R. With the aid of a practical functional circuit diagram, explain how the Control-circuit may be designed for the stated current and voltage values.

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Types of Thyristors

With four layers of alternating P- and N- materials, a thyristor is a solid-state semiconductor device. It acts as a type of bi-stable switch and it conducts when the gate receives a current trigger and continues to conduct until the voltage is reverse biased across the device or by some means until the voltage is removed. The silicon-controlled rectifier is considered synonymous with thyristors by some sources. Thyristors are defined as more complex by other sources as it contains at least four-layer of alternating N-type and P-type substrate. They find large applications in the control of electrical power supplies, electric motor speed control, and ranging of light dimmers because thyristors can control large amounts of power supplies and voltage with a small device. The circuit symbol of the thyristor is given below.