Finishing). Costs and activities are as follows: Administration Janitorial Fabricating Assembly Finishing Direct Costs ................... $50,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $25,000
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
A Company has two support departments (Administration and Janitorial) and three producing departments (Fabricating, Assembly, and Finishing).
Costs and activities are as follows:
Administration Janitorial Fabricating Assembly Finishing
Direct Costs ................... $50,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $25,000
Number of employees . 10 30 40 20 Square Feet 2,000 10,000 28,000 15,000
Direct labor hours 5,000 6,000 2,000
Administrative services are allocated based on the number of employees; Janitorial services are allocated based on square footage.
Determine the overhead application rates for the producing departments using each of the three allocation methods:
- Direct allocation method for the support departments
- Step allocation method for the support departments
- Reciprocal allocation method for the support departments
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