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- The distance between downtown San Francisco and downtown Oakland is 9 miles. However, a car driving between the two points travels 12.3miles. Of these distances, which one is analogous to a state function? Why?Using the standard enthalpies from the table below, calculate the AH for the following reaction Using this Formula: AHrxn = EAHproducts - EAHreactants %3D |AGCI (s) AgCN (s) C,Hg) CO, (g) H2 (g) H,O (g) HСI (aq) HCN (aq) Hg (I) Hg,Cl, (s) HgCl, (s) O, (g) Zn (s) ZNCI, (aq) -127.0 108.9 146.0 52.4 -265.4 -393.5 -224.3 -241.8 -167.159 -415.1 HCI (aq) + AgCN (s) E HCN (aq) + AgCI (s)The enthalpy variation of the system can be described as the succession of three phenomena that add up: - A change in the temperature of the mass m¡ of hot water which goes from the temperature 0, to the final temperature OF AH, = m1CH,0(0p – 01) (2) CH20 = heat capacity of the water = 4.18 J g-' K-1 = mass of the hot water solution m1 - A change in temperature of the cold-water mass m2 from 02 to the final temperature 0p 04: Write the variation of enthalpy AH2 associated to this transformation (relation 3).
- A piston/cylinder arrangement contains one mole of an ideal gas (the system) initially at 10.0 atm pressure and 300 K, as shown in the accompanying illustration. Neglecting the mass of the piston, neglecting friction, and assuming isothermal conditions throughout, the pin restraining the piston is removed. For the resulting process: (g = 9.807 m sR7) (a) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is zero? (b) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is 100 kg? (c) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is 1017.4 kg?Classify as endothermic or exothermic (a) a combustion reaction for which ΔHΘ = -2020 kJ mol-1. (b) a dissolution for which ΔHΘ = +4.0 kJ mol-1. (c) vaporization, (d) fusion. (e) sublimation.c) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction 3C(s) + 4H2 (g) C;H8 (g) Given that C(s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) AH° = -394 kJmol·' H2 (g) + ½O2 (g) H2O (I) AH° = -286 kJmol C3H8 (g) + 502 (g) 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (I) AH° = -2220 kJmol·'
- Determine the enthalpy change, AH°, for the following reaction%3B N2(g) + 2H2(g) N2H4() Given the following thermochemical equations. 2H2O(1) + N2(g) N2H4() + O2(g) → H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H20() ΔΗ? AH° = -285.9 kJ -> AH° = - 622.0 kJ %3D +50.2 kJ -236.2 kJ +106.1kJ 0 kJ -151.7 kJ OO OOOThe diagram shows four states of a system, each with differentinternal energy, E. (a) Which of the states of the systemhas the greatest internal energy? (b) In terms of the ΔEvalues, write two expressions for the difference in internalenergy between State A and State B. (c) Write an expressionfor the difference in energy between State C and State D.(d) Suppose there is another state of the system, State E,and its energy relative to State A is ΔE = ΔE1 + ΔE4. Wherewould State E be on the diagram?Sr (s) + C(graphite) + O,(g) → SrCO;(s) The information available is (1) Sr (s) + O2(g) → SrO (s) (2) SrO (s) + CO, (g) → SrCO, (s) (3) C(graphite) + O, (g) → CO, (g) AH° = -592 kJ ΔΗ. - 234 kJ AH° = - 394KJ
- A critical reaction in the production of energy to do work or drive chemical reactions in biological systems is the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, ATP, to adenosine diphosphate, ADP, as described by the reaction АТР(аq) + H,О() — ADP(aq) + НРО (аq) ADP(aq) + HPO (aq) for which AGixn = -30.5 kJ/mol at 37.0 °C and pH 7.0. Calculate the value of AGrxn in a biological cell in which [ATP] = 5.0 mM, [ADP] = 0.40 mM, and [HPO;-] = 5.0 mM. AGrxn kJ/mol * TOOLS x10 Is the hydrolysis of ATP spontaneous under these conditions? yes no13. (a) How much heat wiH be evolved or absorbed in the solution of 2 moles of H,SO,(1) in a very large volume of water at 25°C? (b) What will be the dif- ferential heats of solution of the acid and the water under these conditions?Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere "weathers," or dissolves, limestone (CACO3) by the reaction C&CO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H,0(1) → Ca+ (aq) +2HCO3 (ag) Obtain AH° for this reaction using the following data: AH;(CACO, (s))=-1206.9 kJ/mol %3D AH;(CO2 (9)) = -393.5 kJ/mol AH;(H,0(1)) = -285.8 kJ/mol %3D AH;(Ca+ (ag)) = -542.8 kJ/mol %3D AH (HCO, (ag)) = -692.0 kJ/mol AH = kJ