For each of the following, indicate whether the statement is True, False, or Uncertain, and explain your answer. (No credit will be given without an explanation.) In the Stackelberg model of duopoly, it is better to be the follower than the leader since the follower gets to observe the leader’s behavior.
Q: Perform a present worth (PW)-based evaluation of the two alternatives below using a spreadsheet. The…
A: Given information Alternative X Initial cost=8000 Annual Profit (GI-OE)=3500 per year Salvage…
Q: A video-recording system was purchased 3 years ago at a cost of $38,000. A 5-year recovery period…
A: The double declining balance depreciation strategy is a type of sped up depreciation that doubles…
Q: How does unexpected inflation affect borrowers? Lenders? Why? What is the ex post real rate of…
A: Unexpected inflation is the inflation encountered that is above or beneath that which was normal.…
Q: The Federal Budget 2022-23 has halved the excise tax for the next six months on petroleum frc 4…
A: Excise tax on the petroleum is also known as gasoline tax and such tax is imposed on the seller. The…
Q: QUESTION 9 The immobile and specific factor models attempted to improve on the Ricardian model by…
A: Note: We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new…
Q: Odysseus is fascinated by Microsoft's new Surface Laptop Studio. He is happy to purchase this…
A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub parts, we will solve first three subparts for…
Q: What rate of interest compounded annually must be received if an investment of P5,400 made now will…
A: According to the question, it is given that : Principal (P) = P 5400 Amount (A) = P 7200 Time (t)…
Q: An economy is currently at it's steady state. Their depreciation rate is 7.7% and their capital…
A:
Q: Discuss how the presence of middlemen affects the operation of competitive markets.
A: In a competitive market, neither a single customer nor a single manufacturer can have a significant…
Q: Teresa spends her entire scholarship of PLN 600 for the purchase of drinks and food. 1. Draw…
A: Total Budget: PLN 600 Price of drink (x) = 5 zlotys Price of dinner (y) = 20 zlotys
Q: Qustion 15: Suppose that we are considering the market for a good that is a Giffen Good. We are…
A: Giffen goods where price and quantity demanded is positively related to each other. If price…
Q: There are certain goods whose demand shall increase with income up to a certain point, then remain…
A: Demand for a product is referred to the desire and willingness of a consumer to buy that product at…
Q: Suppose a person receives a 9% increase in pay when inflation is 8%. In this case, the nominal…
A: Answer: Given, Increase in pay = 9% Inflation = 8% An increase in pay is a nominal increase. Thus…
Q: A. Suppose that the economy is characterized by the following behavioral equations: C = 160+ 0.6 Yd…
A:
Q: The Woodland Republic’s Population Secretariat published the following information in 2021: Total…
A: Given the information: Total population = 30 million Labor force = 80% of the total population…
Q: When interest rates in the U.S. increase, we could expect: Multiple Choice more foreigners…
A: Foreign investors gain considerable ownership stakes in domestic enterprises and assets due to these…
Q: Consider an economy which is in general equilibrium. Ann and Bob are (the only) two consumers in an…
A: Fairness in economics, particularly in relation to taxes or welfare economics, is the principle that…
Q: Suppose a firm needs to combine 3 units of machines with 7 units of labor to produce one unit of…
A: Other things being constant, "the demand for the labor is inversely proportional to the wage rate…
Q: 892.8 834.9 725.8 growth rate of real GDP for 1930?
A: GDP of a country is the aggregate value of goods and services produced by the nation in a year. When…
Q: 1) Large current account deficits imply large financial account surpluses. True Or False? Explain.
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Which component(s) of U.S. real GDP decreased in size relative to total U.S. real GDP from 1900 to…
A: Usually the sectors of economy are divided into following parts : agriculture, industrial and…
Q: A weaver working with a handloom is able to produce 11 yards of fabric per day. The typical weaver…
A: Per day production by handloom = 11 yards Per day payment to worker =$10 Per day production by…
Q: How will exchange rates change in a country A where prices double year after year in comparison with…
A: The demand and supply for currency in the foreign exchange market determine the exchange rate of a…
Q: Consider the aggregate demand function, D(EPF/PH, Y-T, I, G) = C(Y-T) +I+G+ CA(EPF/PH, Y-T). When…
A: When an economy is open to trade, net export is also included as the component of aggregate demand.
Q: How much must be invested now at 6% simple interest to accumulate $1,000 at the end of 5 years?…
A: Information extracted in the question: Simple interest = 6% Future value = $1000 Time = 5 years
Q: A country produces only one good. It produced 5,000 units of the good during Year 1 and 6,000 units…
A: "Since you have asked a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…
Q: Assume that following equations describe the money market of an economy Ms = 1,000 Md = .2Y - 100r…
A: The equilibrium in the money market occurs when the money demand is equal to the money supply.
Q: The long-run supply curve for a particular type of kitchen knife is a hori- zontal line at a price…
A: The long-run supply is the inventory of merchandise accessible when all sources of info are…
Q: (2) Graphically show the impact of a recession on the money market assuming that the Fed is tar-…
A: Recession refers to the economic situation in a country where the economic growth is in the negative…
Q: Firm 1 and firm 2 compete in a Cournot oligopoly in homogeneous goods. Firm 1 is a domestic firm,…
A: In the cournot model, fewer but larger firms independently and simultaneously choose the quantity…
Q: Mauro Products distributes a single product, a woven basket whose selling price is $17 and whose…
A: The break-even point is the point at which total cost and total revenue are equal, meaning there is…
Q: Question 5: If the central bank sells government securities from the private sector-money market…
A: Government securities, often known as bonds, treasury bills, or notes, are financial instruments…
Q: Which of the following types of spending should be not included in Government Purchases, one of the…
A: The entire worth of everything that is produced inside the boundaries of a nation is referred to as…
Q: Assume that prices are flexible upward but not downward. Decide the effect on the equilibrium price…
A: No new investment will be made until the capital depreciates and the stock of unsold goods runs out,…
Q: and 92 ider two firms producing homogeneous goods. Firm 1 and firm 2 simultaneously set outputs q₁…
A: Nash equilibrium is best course of action provided the strategy of rival firm has been given.
Q: Complete the table perfect competition monopoly oligopoly monopolistic competition…
A: In economics, market structure refers to how various industries are categorized and distinguished…
Q: Is this statement true or false? Please explain in detail why. Investing in development of people…
A: In a market, when a firm starts a business, it requires to manage the resources effectively to make…
Q: II Analytical 3. Assume the monetary base is $100 million, the currencydeposit ratio is 0.5, and the…
A: The total amount of money and other liquid assets in an economy on the measurement date is known as…
Q: Instruction: Identify the consumer surplus, producer surplus and total surplus with and without…
A: Usually, it is considered that international trade makes everyone better off.
Q: Indicate the advantages and disadvantages of each market structure (perfect competition, monopoly,…
A: Introduction We have different forms of markets like perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic…
Q: Do sports teams show profit maximization behavior or do they tend to incline monopoly pricing? As a…
A: Profit-maximizing conduct is always based on the marginal choice rule: extra units of an item should…
Q: A monopolist produces both Good A and Good B. There are two types of consumers. Enthusiasts are…
A: Enthusiasts are paying; Good A= 10 Good B= 7 Marginals are paying; Good A= 1 Good B= 6 Number of…
Q: The cash flow diagram of two mutually exclusive alternatives is given below, Select the best…
A: Present Value is the value of the sum of money in future which can be in the form of lump sum, equal…
Q: Explain how a nominal interest rate of 100% can actually be a low rate.
A: Interest rates are the cost of borrowing and saving money and are stated as a percentage of the…
Q: Assume that during the years 2022 to 2025 Woodland Republic could produce only two commodities:…
A: In the question, it is given that at point D the economy is operating and at this point, the…
Q: In today's world, there is a growing trend toward privatization of governmental services. What are…
A: The term "privatization" refers to the process of transferring the ownership of and control of…
Q: an economic benefit of a CA deficit is that a CA deficit Ocreates future income payment inflows from…
A: A current account deficit implies the worth of imports of products/services/investment wages is more…
Q: Use the linear demand and supply curves shown below to answer the following questions.You must show…
A: Answer: According to the above figure, the equilibrium occurs at point E. The corresponding…
Q: Although Toyota struggled during the global financial crisis, the more recent earthquake and tsunami…
A: When Toyota CEO Akio Toyoda made this plea in his 2011 new year's letter to all of his workers, he…
Q: 4. What is intra-industry trade? What is inter- industry trade? What are the differences between…
A: Intra-industry trade (“intra-industry trade”) is trade that takes place in the same industry. E.g…
For each of the following, indicate whether the statement is True, False, or Uncertain, and explain your answer. (No credit will be given without an explanation.)
-
In the Stackelberg model of duopoly, it is better to be the follower than the leader since the follower gets to observe the leader’s behavior.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- A Nash Equilibrium is the equilibrium of a game in which; Both players get the largest payoff amount Both players get the best payoff independent of what the other players choices are Both player, with the knowledge of what the other players possible moves are, do not have incentive to deviate from their strategy There is incomplete information of the game and each player makes the move that is best for them and their payoff outcomeSome collector has a painting that he no longer values. However, there are two buyers that would be happy to acquire it. Buyer 1 assigns a value of $900 to the painting, and buyer 2 of $1,000. Explain that this situation can be represented as a cooperative game with transferable utility. Obtain the set of players and write down the characteristic function (supposing that the grand coalition’s value is $1000). Find the Core and the Shapley value of the game.Within a voluntary contribution game, the Nash equilibrium level of contribution is zero, but in experiments, it is often possible to sustain positive levels of contribution for a long period. How might we best explain this? A) Participants are altruistic, and so value the payoff which other participants receive, benefiting (indirectly) from making a contribution. B) Participants believe that if they make a contribution, then other participants will be more likely to make a contribution. C) Participants in experiments believe that they have to make contributions in order to receive any payoff from their participation. D) Participants have experience of working in situations in which cooperation can be sustained for mutual benefit and so have internalised a social norm of cooperation
- Select the term that best describes each definition listed in the following table. Definition Nash Equilibrium Dominant Strategy Collusion Tit-for-tat Strategy Payoff Matrix Prisoners' Dilemma Game A player's best choice, if it exists, regardless of his or her opponent's strategy A strategy in which a player cooperates until the other player defects and then defects until the other player cooperates again A set of strategies (one for each player) in which each player's strategy is the best option for that player, given the chosen strategy of the player's opponents A visual representation of a game showing all possible strategies for each player and all potential outcomes and payoffsTwo athletes of equal ability are competing for a prize of $10,000. Each is deciding whether to take a dangerous performance enhancing drug. If one athlete takes the drug, and the other does not, the one who takes the drug wins the prize. If both or neither take the drug, they tie and split the prize. Taking the drug imposes health risks that are equivalent to a loss of X dollars. a) Draw a 2×2 payoff matrix describing the decisions the athletes face. b) For what X is taking the drug the Nash equilibrium? c) Does making the drug safer (that is, lowering X) make the athletes better or worse off? Explain.Select the term that best describes each definition listed in the following table. Definition Nash Equilibrium Dominant Strategy Collusion Tit-for-tat Strategy Payoff Matrix Prisoners' Dilemma Game A case in which individually rational behavior leads to a jointly inefficient outcome A player's best choice, if it exists, regardless of his or her opponent's strategy A strategy in which a player cooperates until the other player defects and then defects until the other player cooperates again The event that occurs when agents in a game form an agreement about which strategies to implement
- 4.2. Game theory (Prisoner's dilemma). Often, many sectors in an economy have two main rivals, battling it out in the marketplace. There can be rivalry such as between Apple and Samsung in Phones and Laptops. Suppose Apple plans to cut its price. Samsung will likely follow suit to retain its market share. This may end up with low profits for both companies. A price drop by either company may thus be construed as defecting since it breaks an implicit agreement to keep prices high and maximize profits. Thus, if Apple drops its price but Samsung continues to keep prices high, Apple is defecting, while Samsung is cooperating (by sticking to the spirit of the implicit agreement). In this scenario, Apple may win market share and earn incremental profits by selling more. Assume that the incremental profits that accrue to Apple and Samsung are as follows: If both keep prices high (Cooperate), profits for each company increase by AED200 million (because of normal growth in demand). If one drops…You suspect that you are a price leader in the market. Moreover, you are considering expanding your operations. H.R. Shovenstuff will observe your moves and then follow, but he is more secretive so you will not know whether to price high or low after his pricing decision has been made. Using the following game tree, solve for the Nash equilibrium. High Price Shovenstuff High Price Low Price You High Price (2,1) (6,2) Invest Low Price Invest, High Price, High Price O Invest, Low Price, High Price Invest, Low Price, Low Price O Don't Invest, High Price, High Price Don't Invest, Low Price, High Price LOW Price (2,4) You High Price (4,4) Don't Invest High Price Low Price Shovenstuff Low Price You High Price (8,1) (2.6) Low Price (2,1)The US and Canada have overfished North Atlantic cod stocks nearly to the point of extinction. Both countries wish to preserve the cod industry (and hence the cod stocks), so the two countries sign an agreement to limit fish hauls. Each country has two possible strategies: comply with the agreement (limit fishing) or renege on the agreement (overfish). Each country’s payoffs for different strategy combinations are given in the matrix below. The numbers in the cells represent utilities, and the payoff ordering is (US, Canada). QUESTIONS: 1.If this is a one-shot game (i.e., it is played once), do the players have a dominant strategy? If so, what is it? Briefly explain your answer. 2.What is the equilibrium of this game? Is it Pareto-optimal? How do you know?
- The Tampa Tribune and the St. Petersburg Times compete for readers in the Tampa Bay market for newspapers. Recently, both newspapers considered changing the prices they charge for their Sunday editions. Suppose they considered the following payoff table for making a simultaneous decision to charge either a low price of $0.50 or a high price of $1.00. Tampa’s profits are shown in regular type. St. Petersburg’s profits are shown in bold. 7. Which cell(s) is/are strategically stable?Consider the signaling game below. Does the game have a perfect Bayesian equilibrium in which all sender types play L? Does there exist a perfect Bayesian equilibrium in which all sender types play R? Explain. 1,1 1,00 2,1 0,0 0,0 14 Receiver u Receiver 14 L L L (1/3) 1₂ R (1/3) R (1/3) R 14 Receiver 14 Receiver U 0,1 0,0 1,1 1,0 0,0 2,1In 'the dictator' game, one player (the dictator) chooses how to divide a pot of $10 between herself and another player (the recipient). The recipient does not have an opportunity to reject the proposed distribution. As such, if the dictator only cares about how much money she makes, she should keep all $10 for herself and give the recipient nothing. However, when economists conduct experiments with the dictator game, they find that dictators often offer strictly positive amounts to the recipients. Are dictators behaving irrationally in these experiments? Whether you think they are or not, your response should try to provide an explanation for the behavior.