From: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up" What is the most likely explanation for why the smallpox and polio vaccines have high long-term effectiveness, while the influenza vaccine has lower effectiveness and is only effective for a shorter time period? O Smallpox and polio are caused by a virus, but flu is caused by a bacterium. O The smallpox and polio vaccines are manufactured using more modern techniques than the flu vaccine. The influenza virus mutates more rapidly than the smallpox and polio viruses. O The symptoms of flu are more severe than those of smallpox and polio.

From: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up" What is the most likely explanation for why the smallpox and polio vaccines have high long-term effectiveness, while the influenza vaccine has lower effectiveness and is only effective for a shorter time period? O Smallpox and polio are caused by a virus, but flu is caused by a bacterium. O The smallpox and polio vaccines are manufactured using more modern techniques than the flu vaccine. The influenza virus mutates more rapidly than the smallpox and polio viruses. O The symptoms of flu are more severe than those of smallpox and polio.

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter24: Viruses And Subviral Agents

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16TYU

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From: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up" What is the most likely explanation for why the smallpox and polio vaccines have high long-term effectiveness, while the influenza vaccine has lower effectiveness and is only effective for a shorter time period? Smallpox and polio are caused by a virus, but flu is caused by a bacterium. The smallpox and polio vaccines are manufactured using more modern techniques than the flu vaccine. O The influenza virus mutates more rapidly than the smallpox and polio viruses. O The symptoms of flu are more severe than those of smallpox and polio.
From: "Towards a universal flu vaccine" Each year, the flu vaccine includes antigens from two strains of Influenza A and two strains of Influenza B. These antigens are from the head of the H spikes - an area that sticks out from the virus and so, is very easy for human immune cells to detect. However, the problem with using the head of the H spike as an antigen is.. O The H spike head mutates very rapidly, so quickly changes to forms not recognized by human immune cetls. O The H spike head is exposed on the surface of the virus for only a short period of time. Viruses quickly pull the H spikes back inside the virus, shielding them from human immune cells. O The H spike head is often too big for the human immune cells to attack. O The H spike head is often too small for the human immune cells to bind to.
From: "Towards a universal flu vaccine" Each year, the flu vaccine includes antigens from two strains of Influenza A and two strains of Influenza B. These antigens are from the head of the H spikes - an area that sticks out from the virus and so, is very easy for human immune cells to detect. However, the problem with using the head of the H spike as an antigen is.. • The H spike head mutates very rapidly, so quickly changes to forms not recognized by human immune cells. O The H spike head is exposed on the surface of the virus for only a short period of time. Viruses quickly pull the H spikes back inside the virus, shielding them from human immune cells. O The H spike head is often too big for the human immune cells to attack. The H spike head is often too small for the human immune cells to bind to.
Bonus: Louis Pasteur was famous for developing the first rabies vaccine. He used the vaccine in "PEP" to treat 2 boys bitten by rabid animals. What does "PEP" mean ? O Post Exposure Prophylaxis, you can vaccinate quickly aftr infection to prevent death from rabies O Post Exposure Postponement O Pre-Exposure Protection O Personal Exposure Prevention Question 54 Which live attenuated virus vaccine below contains infectious RNA viruses which may "revert" to virulence and actualhy cauce the dicace the arcine wnc meant to nrevont?
At a recent trip to the drug store, your pharmacist informs you that the flu vaccines are in. You fear the risk of getting the flu because you've had it before and it wasn't a pleasant experience. You proceed to get the vaccinated for the flu. Which of the following statements regarding your recent vaccination is true? O The vaccine you received protects you from every strain of the flu. O The vaccine you received protects you from the strain of bacteria which scientists believe will be common in the upcoming "flu season". O The vaccine you received protects you from the virus which scientists believe will be common in the upcoming "flu season". O The vaccine won't be effective because you've had the flu in the past and are immune to it.
Explain the patenting of the Biontech vaccine, the studies carried out at the university, how this vaccine was found and with which institutions it was studied, explain all the processes of the discovery of the vaccine (Please don't give a short answer)
Diptheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine: summery on this vaccine and make sure to include answer to these questions. Which pathogen does this vaccine protect against? Please list symptoms of infection, as well as the incidence of mortality or other complications, if this is known. What type of vaccine is this? i.e. Viral vector, live attenuated, subunit, toxoid, nucleic acid, etc. Does this vaccine contain an adjuvant? If so, please explain the type of adjuvant and which innate immune pathways it stimulates, if this is known. What is the dosing regimen, or schedule, of this vaccine? What is the efficacy of this vaccine, and how long can a patient expect to be protected post-immunization? Are there any scientifically confirmed side effects of this vaccine, and if so what is their rate of incidence? Thank you-
A person is infected with HIV. The individual is treated with several drugs, including azidothymidine (AZT). Which of the following is the most immediate effect of this drug? O It inhibits formation of the capsid. O It does not allow the viral genome to become integrated into the host genome. O It allows reverse transcriptase to proofread, and this will allow successful treatment with a vaccine. O It does not allow the virus to make a DNA copy of its genome.
Every year, the United States and the world suffer a serious outbreak of emerging, re emerging or endemic disease. Using documented and reliable sources on the internet, find information about COVID-19 and its history. Please also list the souces used. 1: Vaccine development What are vaccines and how do they work? What attenuated virus vaccines are, who developed the vaccine (if one exists) and in what year, what strain was within the first vaccine. current vaccines available, and what strains they cover, and what current protocols are for vaccination in the US and in other countries Discuss current US state policies on vaccination requirements. If no vaccine is available, describe any current R&D or clinical trials in effect right now. 2: CDC and outbreak information On the CDC website and other sources to identify: - When widespread vaccination began and when it effectively eradicated the disease here (also discuss what that means) if applicable. 2. Outline past/ present…
Historically , vaccinations have prevented the spread of certain diseases chicken pox or meningitis. What type of externality takes place with th consumption of such vaccines. Explain with words and a graph.
Despite the concerns over vaccine-related side effects, vaccination programs have been relatively successful in eradicating many types of infectious diseases including smallpox, polio, and measles. Explain how this statement indicates that the vaccines developed are effective and have low risk of adverse effects to the recipients including infants, children, immunocompromised individual as well as older adults.
Question 5 Does the Salk vaccine require a booster? Yes, the Salk vaccine for polio requires a booster because it is an attenuated vaccine. Yes, the Salk vaccine for polio requires a booster because it is an inactive vaccine. O l am not sure. O No, the Salk vaccine for polio doesn't requires a booster because it is an inactive vaccine. Question 6 VCJD is caused by which pathogen?