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Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
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- The following reaction conditions gives a mixture of two addition products A and B shown below. CI. HCI Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph A B via rearrangement via rearrangement >Draw< a clear mechanism using electron-flow arrows showing the formation of both products (A and B) from the starting materials. Transition states are not required and ignore the stereochemistry in this question. Do not use any other compounds in your answer except those given. Note that this is not a synthesis question. OYork rk.Unesk 020[Review Topics] [References] Acyl transfer (nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl) reactions proceed in two stages via a "tetrahedral intermediate." Draw the tetrahedral intermediate as it is first formed in the following reaction. %3D H3C CH3 HO-CH3 • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. • Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na*, I', in your answer. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. C P. opy Bste C. Previous Next Email Instructor Save and Exit Cengage Learning | Cengage Technical Support 5:50 PM arch 82°F 3/28/2022Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the reactant, intermediates, and product in this condensation reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore stereochemistry. Ignore inorganic byproducts. CH3ONA, CH3OH Select to Draw heat CH3ON a, CH3OH heat
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Then draw the organic product of the reaction. Include all lone pairs in the structures. Ignore inorganic byproducts and + counterions. Drawing Arrows NaNH2 Select to Draw Product H H I I O:Z: + S :O: H Undo H Na+ EP Reset[Review Topics] [References] Acyl transfer (nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl) reactions proceed in two stages via a "tetrahedral intermediate." Draw the tetrahedral intermediate as it is first formed in the following reaction. H3C CH3 H2O NaOH • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. • Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Nat, I', in your answer. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. C opy aste C. Previous Next Email Instructor Save and Ex Cengage Learning | Cengage Technical Support 5:48 PI 82°F 3/28/20a) Write out the 3-step arrow pushing mechanism showing how 1-pentene is hydrated to make 2-pentanol. b) Draw the other 2 alkenes(don’t forget cis/trans isomers!) that could also be hydrated to make 2-pentanol. Briefly explain why1-pentene is the best choice.
- Fill in the boxes with the missing alkyl halide (reactant side), appropriate nucleophile (by arrow), or substitution or elimination product (product side). Show stereochemistry on the product when applicable. benzene ring." - CH₂OH g. h. Note: "Ph" f. Br C CH₂OH g. املے مذ h. Br HOPh THFCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the first step of this reaction sequence. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond- making steps. I H BH₂ H B H Select to Add Arrows > H Bll H BH₂Acyl transfer (nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl) reactions proceed in two stages via a "tetrahedral intermediate." Draw the tetrahedral intermediate as it is first formed in the following reaction. H3C HCI / H2O `NH2 reflux • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. • Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na", I, in your answer. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. opy aste Previous Next
- 3) Use the reaction shown below and the associated reaction energy diagram to answer the following questions. E A Но- + Br HO. Br- reaction coordinate a) In the space above, use curved arrows to show the mechanism of the reaction. b) Classify the reaction as either addition, elimination or substitution. c) In this reaction is hydroxide (HO-) acting as a nucleophile or as a base? c) Based on the reaction energy diagram, is the reaction endergonic or exergonic? d) Based on the reaction energy diagram, and assuming the reaction is reversible, would the equilibrium lie to the left or to the right? e) Which position on the reaction energy diagram (A, B or C) corresponds to the transition state?Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting structure, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Then draw the organic product of this reaction. Include all lone pairs in the structures. Ignore inorganic byproducts, counterions, and solvents. H Na → Select to Add Arrows H. CH3CO₂Na CH3CO₂H Select to Draw Product 0:0- :0: :0:Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic steps. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. يتو H:CE HH Select to Add Arrows H₂O H heat H Please select a drawing or reagent from the question area