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- Why can’t retrotransposons move from one cell to another like retroviruses?a. Because they do not encode the Env proteinb. Because they are nonautonomous elementsc. Because they require reverse transcriptased. a and b are both true.The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA toprotein. In certain viruses, the flow of information is fromRNA to DNA. Does it appear possible for that informationflow to begin with proteins? Explain.Following a CRISPR mediated DNA double-strand break, how can the DNA be repaired by the cell? Choose all that apply. A. Base pairing between complementary sticky sides. B. Nonhomologous end joining. C. Homology directed repair. D. Crossing over between nonhomologous chromosomes.
- During the life cycle of the HIV virus, a transcription of DNA takes place, what are these used for transcript to?With the exception of retroviruses, the direction of transfer of genetic information in all living things is as follows: A. pRNA--> DNA--> mRNA--> protein. B. DNA--> tRNA--> protein C. protein--> DNA--> mRNA D. DNA--> mRNA--> proteinPart A: Antibiotic resistance is a major health concern. Resistance to various antibiotics can be transferred by a. all options. b. transduction. c. conjugation. d. transformation. Part B: Movement of genetic information through transduction requires that a. free DNA is available in the environment. b. physical contact occurs between cells. c. transposable elements occur in a chromosome. d. viruses have infected a cell.
- Gene therapy aims to replace faulty or disease-causing genes with healthy DNA sequences. How might you use a virus to deliver these new genes into a cell?Based on your knowledge of the COVID-19 genome (from question 6), what step(s) in the flow of biological information (DNA to RNA to Protein) are required for an infected human cell to produce a viral protein? Does the virus need access to the nucleus for this to happen?what event occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication?A,B,C,D, or E? a. adsorption to the host cells. b. injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell. c. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins. d. assembly of nucleocapsids. e. replication of viral nucleic acid.
- The diversity of nucleic acids in plant viruses is great. Which class of viruses contain single-stranded RNA? These viruses are the source of which important enzyme (Hint: THis is the enzyme needed to make cDNA)?In RNA viruses, the + RNA genome can act as mRNA right away and proteins can be made. The + genome is used to make - genome, which then makes + genome? and which is the genome that will be packaged to leave the cell?Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of RNA? A. Synthesis of double stranded RNA from a DNA template B. Transcription of mRNA from DNA C. Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template D. Synthesis of double stranded RNA from an RNA template E. Synthesis of DNA from a DNA template