How long will it take TCP to send an object that is 10KB over a link with a RTT of 300msec, a MSS of 2KB, and a rate of 10KB/second (assuming that no packets are lost) when: (a) TCP is in slow start, CongWin = 1 and Threshold = 10. (b) TCP is in congestion avoidance, CongWin = 5 and Threshold = 5:
Q: If the TCP Tahoe network configuration is used, why are packet losses greater at the beginning of a…
A: INTRODUCTION: Considering that the TCP Tahoe configuration network is being used, it begs the…
Q: According to the given figure, assume that, PC0 wants to send a message to PC4. If the distance…
A: The details given Distance: 22000 km message size: 3.2 kbyte cable speed: 2.4×100000000 m/s…
Q: The figure shows a TCP transaction. Assume Host A always has data to send, and each packet has size…
A: A) Here since 2nd packet is lost, ACK#1 = ACK#2 = ACK#3 =100 (sequence number of 2nd packet)…
Q: A Wireshark trace of TCP traffic between hosts A and B indicated the following segments. A sent a…
A: The state of connection for the host A and B
Q: In a long-lived TCP session, for which the end-to- end bandwidth 5 Gb/s. The session starts with a…
A: Here in this question we have given a TCP session and end end bandwidth also given 5Gbps.session…
Q: Host A is sending an enormous file to Host B over a TCP connection. Over this connection there is…
A: GIVEN: Using TCP connection, Host A is sending files to Host B. A packet loss or timer expiry has…
Q: 4. Given the congestion control figure of one side in a TCP communication as below. In which…
A: Here is the solution:-
Q: Suppose TCP operates over a 1-Gbps link. (a) Assuming TCP could utilize the full bandwidth…
A:
Q: Given the congestion control figure of one side in a TCP communication as below. In which…
A: Below i have answered:
Q: Once the media information reaches the receiver, it must be played out at the right time. In…
A: Problems: Difficult to find the distribution of the jitter variables. The latency added by the…
Q: Suppose you are using TCP over a 10-Mbps (10 × 2^ 20 bps) link with a latency 100 ms (RTT 200 ms) to…
A: (a) How many RTTs does it take until slow start opens the send window to 10MB? Solution: =>…
Q: What is the value of ssthresh at the 24th transmission round? h. During what transmission round is…
A: The threshold is set to half the value of the congestion window when packet loss is detected. When…
Q: Consider an IPv4 network, each host can generate packet with a rate of 500 packet per second. If…
A:
Q: Packet loss rate in TCP is given as 1 loss rate 3 w +w 8 Where w an integer number that represents…
A: Hello student. Warm welcome from my side. Hope you are doing great. I will try my best to clear your…
Q: Q3] Given the Adjacency matrix X shown below for a nine router interior routing network (the routers…
A:
Q: Given a link with a maximum transmission rate of 34.1 Mbps. Only two computers, X and Y, wish to…
A:
Q: Defeating TCP congestion-control mechanisms usually requires explicit cooperation of the sender.…
A:
Q: To get around the problem of sequence numbers wrapping around while old packets still exist, one…
A:
Q: Find the transmission rate for each transmission for given scenario: The two TCP connections are in…
A: To be determine: Find the transmission rate for each transmission for given scenario: The two TCP…
Q: Suppose TCP uses AIMD for its congestion control without slow start. Assuming cwnd increases by 2…
A: Introductions :Given , a network which uses TCP uses AIMD for its congestion control without slow…
Q: Assume that a bottleneck connection with a rate of R bps carries two TCP connections. In both cases,…
A: Two TCP connections are present over some bottleneck link of rate R bps. Both connections have a…
Q: Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra's link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's…
A: Given graph contains, Set of states= {A, B, C, D, E, F} Undirected weighted edges are present…
Q: 4. Consider the following two causes of 1-second network delay (assume ACKS return instantaneously):…
A: a. If we send 1 packet, then in either case we see a 1 sec RTT. If we send a burst of 10 packets,…
Q: Consider the network shown in Scenario 2 in Section 3.6.1 . Suppose both sending hosts A and B have…
A: a) Yes, Increasing the size of finite buffer of the router might possibly decrease the…
Q: Computer Science Suppose RTT is constant at 100ms, MSS = 1460, transmission rate is 1packet/ms, and…
A: Over here TCP tahoe algorithm given Whose initial phase is slows-start and and when its cwnd reaches…
Q: uses one 10Mbps link which does not buffer any data. Suppose that this link is the only congested…
A:
Q: Suppose a TCP Vegas connection measures the RTT of its first packet and sets BaseRTT to that, but…
A: ANSWER:-
Q: Consider four Internet hosts, each with a TCP session. These four TCP sessions share a common…
A: The solution for the above given question is given below:
Q: According to the given figure, assume that, PC0 wants to send a message to PC4. If the distance…
A: Dear Student, We will use the following formulae to solve the question. Total time to send message…
Q: Consider a TCP connection with congestion window size 40 KB, maximum segment size is 2 KB, if time…
A: Introduction
Q: Suppose a TCP Vegas connection measures the RTT of its first packet and sets BaseRTT to that, but…
A: RTT is the measure of the measure of the latency of the network in the milli second i.e. the time…
Q: A 3200 bit long TCP message is transmitted to the IP layer and becomes a datagram after adding a 160…
A: The packet size is 3200 bits The IP header length is 160 bits LANs datagram payload size is 1200…
Q: Consider that only a single TCP (Reno) connection uses one 10Mbps link which does not buffer any…
A: A The maximum window size that this TCP connection can achieve is 10 segments. BThe average window…
Q: 14. A TCP connection with a flow control window of 50 packets uses slow start with a minimum…
A: TCP: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a…
Q: There are two hosts a and B, which are connected through router R1. The IP addresses and MAC…
A: Given network contains two hosts A and B which are connected through Router R1. The IP addresses…
Q: a-) Suppose two hosts are connected with each other by means of a 100-Mbps link, and assume the…
A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: (a) Show that for any TCP, if the window size remains constant, then the amount of data transmitted…
A: (a) • Assume that following a particular transmission, the window size remains constant. • As a…
Q: Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra's link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's…
A: The above question is solved in step 2 :-
Q: To get around the problem of sequence numbers wrapping around while old packets still exist, one…
A: The sequence space occupies 264 bytes or approximately2 × 1019 bytes. A 75The Tbps transmitter…
Q: Consider a scenario in which Host A wants to simultaneously send packets to Hosts B and C. A is…
A: Here, A can start sending another packet only after receiving Acknowledgment from B and C. Hence, we…
Q: Two TCP entities communicate across a reliable network. Let the normalized time to transmit a fixed…
A: Given: The normalized time to transmit the fixed length segment = 1unit End-to-end propagation delay…
Q: Suppose a TCP Vegas connection measures the RTT of its first packet and sets BaseRTT to that, but…
A: TCP Vegas TCP Reno and TCP Tahoe models can decide the congestion in the network just when there…
Q: TCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments…
A: Given, a figure where 8 TCP segments are sent by TCP sender at time t =1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.…
Q: cwmd 35 30 25 20 15 123 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 Transmission…
A:
Q: Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra's link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's…
A: Link state routing is a technique in which each router shares the knowledge of its neighborhood with…
Q: For the sake of this example, let us assume that a packet is being sent from its origin to an…
A: When data is sent from a source to a destination via a fixed path, it is possible for the following…
Q: Under IPV6, fragmentation is implemented in end nodes only, unlike IPV4 where fragmentation can be…
A: Fragmentation is a common event on packet switched networks. This error happens when a large packet…
Q: Consider a satellite channel running TCP/IP as shown in the figure below. Due to the long round trip…
A: Web servers or any other systems connected via the Internet providing TCP-based network services…
Q: Consider two-dimensional parity scheme: a) Choose any random packet entries such that the following…
A:
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Consider four Internet hosts, each with a TCP session. These four TCP sessions share a common bottleneck link - all packet loss on the end-to-end paths for these four sessions occurs at just this one link. The bottleneck link has a transmission rate of R. The round trip times, RTT, for all fours hosts to their destinations are approximately the same. No other sessions are currently using this link. The four sessions have been running for a long time. i) What is the approximate throughput of each of these four TCP sessions? Explain your answer briefly. ii) What is the approximate size of the TCP window at each of these hosts? Explain briefly how you arrived at this answer.Consider the scenario below where 4 TCP senders are connected to 4 receivers. The servers transmit to the receiving hosts at the fastest rate possible (i.e., at the rate at which the bottleneck link between a server and its destination is operating at 100% utilization, and is fairly shared among the connections passing through that link). R =1 Gbps and Rc is 300 Mbps and Rs is 400 Mbps. And that all four senders have data to send, What is the minimum value of Re that will ensure that the connections to Host-1 and Host-2 are not bottlenecked at links with capacity Rc or Re?Consider that only a single TCP (Reno) connection uses one 10Mbps link which does not buffer any data. Suppose that this link is the only congested link between the sending and receiving hosts. Assume that the TCP sender has a huge file to send to the receiver, and the receiver's receive buffer is much larger than the congestion window. We also make the following assumptions: each TCP segment size is 1,500 bytes; the two-way propagation delay of this connection is 150 msec; and this TCP connection is always in congestion avoidance phase, that is, ignore slow start. A. What is the maximum window size (in segments) that this TCP connection can achieve? B. What is the average window size (in segments) and average throughput (in bps) Of this TCP connection? C. How long would it take for this TCP connection to reach its maximum window again after recovering from a packet loss?
- TCP a. Consider two TCP connections, one between Hosts A (sender) and B (receiver), and another between Hosts C (sender) and D (receiver). The RTT between A and B is half that of the RTT between C and D. Suppose that the senders' (A's and C's) congestion window sizes are identical. Is their throughput (number of segments transmitted per second) the same? Explain. b. Now suppose that the average RTT between A and B, and C and D are identical. The RTT between A and B is constant (never varies), but the RTT between C and D varies considerably. Will the TCP timer values of the two connections differ, and if so, how are they different, and why are they different? Give one reason why TCP uses a three-way (SYN, SYNACK, ACK) handshake rather than a two-way handshake to initiate a connection. a.Under the assumption of no packets loss, how long will it take TCP to send an object that is 20KB over a link with a RTT of 400 milliseconds, a MSS of 2KB, and a rate of 10KB/second when: a. TCP is in slow start, CongWin = 1 and Threshold = 10: b. TCP is in congestion avoidance, CongWin = 5 and Threshold = 5Consider a long-lived TCP session with an end- to-end bandwidth 500 Mb/s. The session starts with a sequence number of 3465. The minimum time (in seconds) before this sequence number can be used again is
- Consider a long-lived TCP session with an end- to-end bandwidth of 1 Gbps (= 10⁹ bits-per- second). The session starts with a sequence number of 1234. The minimum time (in seconds, rounded to the closest integer) before this sequence number can be used again isTCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKs sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender at t = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. TCP sender t=1 T t=2 t=3 t=4+ t=5- t=6+ t=11 t=12 t=13 t=14 t=15 t=16 t=17 t=18 I data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK Ty A A V V htt TCP receiver t=6 t=7 t=8 t=9 t=10 t=11 t=12 t=13 What does the sender do at t=17? You can assume for this question that no timeouts have occurred.TCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKS sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender att = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. t=1 T data segment t=2+ data segment data segment-- t=3 TCP sender TCP receiver t=4+ t=5+ data segment - data segment t=6+ t36 data segment t=7 data segment t=8 data segment t=9 ACK + t=10 k -- ACK t=11 t=11 t=12 t=12 t=13 t=13 t=14 ACK -ACK ACK t=15 t=16 t=17 ACK t=18 What does the sender do at t=17? You can assume for this question that no timeouts have occurred.
- Consider one TCP connection on a path with a bottleneck link with capacity L. We have a file of size F(assume F is a very large file size). If TCP segment size is B bytes, the two-way propagation delay is tp and connection is always in congestion avoidance phase, find the following: A. Maximum window size that TCP can achieve B. Average window size and average throughput in this TCP connection C. Time it will take from connection establishment to reaching the maximum window size.Consider a router buffer preceding an outbound link. In this problem, you will use Little’s formula, a famous formula from queuing theory. Let N denote the average number of packets in the buffer plus the packet being transmitted. Let a denote the rate of packets arriving at the link. Let d denote the average total delay (i.e., the queuing delay plus the transmission delay) experienced by a packet. Little’s formula is N=a⋅d . Suppose that on average, the buffer contains 10 packets, and the average packet queuing delay is 10 msec. The link’s transmission rate is 100 packets/sec. Using Little’s formula, what is the average packet arrival rate, assuming there is no packet loss?Problem 2. Consider a packet of L bits that is sent over a path of Q links (i.e., a source and destination connected by a sequence of (Q-1) routers or switches). Each link transmits at R bps. This packet is the only traffic transmitted by the network (so there are no queuing delays) and the propagation delay and processing delay at routers are negligible. How long does it take to send this packet from source to destination if the network is: a) a packet-switched datagram network b) a circuit-switched network. Assume that bandwidth of R bps on each link is sliced into five individual circuits, so that cach circuit receives (R/5) bandwidth. Also assume that the circuit setup time is t,.. Give an expression for the number of links Q such that the packet delivery from the sender to the receiver will be faster over the packet-switched network, and the expression for the number of links Q such that the circuit-switched network will be faster.