Hypothesize as to why iron can have an impact on bacterial growth, particularly S. Typhimurium, S.epidermis S.aureus , E. coli and Y. enterocolitica . in terms of pathogen
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Hypothesize as to why iron can have an impact on bacterial growth, particularly S. Typhimurium, S.epidermis S.aureus , E. coli and Y. enterocolitica . in terms of pathogen
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- Explain the role of pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. Which populations are most susceptible to peptic ulcers? Is H. pylori normal flora? If so, what causes the species to become pathogenic? Construct at table to compare and contrast the 5 steps of microbial pathogenesis. How does extracellular growth differ from intracellular growth? Diagram the 5 step pathogenesis cycle for coli O157:H7, an extracellular, intestinal pathogen acquired by consuming contaminated food/water. Be sure to include the role of exoenzymes and the Shiga exotoxin in your diagram. (2 points) Explain the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. Be sure to include temperature regulation, intracellular growth, and at risk groups in your discussion.Describe the BvgAS phosphorelay pathway in the whooping cough pathogen Bordetellapertussis and its relationship to virulence in this pathogen.Here are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin. Choose two of them and answer the following questions: 1. Is it an exotoxin or an endotoxin? 2. Which bacterial species produces it? 3. Briefly describe its mode of action and how it causes damage to the host cells. Include specific signs and symptoms.
- Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be normal and beneficial but also be pathogenic?Choose one infectious disease from the list below and use the chain of infection to analyze how it is spread. A. Please provide a comprehensive description of cholera. B. Describe the chain of infection cholera. The chain of infection for the chosen infectious disease must clearly include the following: 1. Identification of a) the pathogen, b) the reservoir c) means of transmission d) the susceptible host 2. Describe how one could break the chain of cholera, such as breaking the pathogen link, by providing a specific intervention. 3. Include references and relevant data.Justify this statement: "Botulism is not an infection". Use the pathogenicity mechanism to guide your explanation .
- Describe four enzymes produced by Staphylococcus, and explain how each contributes to the bacterium’s survival and pathogenicity.Give the reason why is an organism such as Staphylococcus adapted to growth on the human skin but the streptococci are generally not shows?Name two methods of control of growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen in a patient with the disease and when confronted with the pathogen outside of the host. Be careful to specify if it is a physical method or a chemical method (check lecture to differentiate these two). Control of growth means how would you deal with an infection related to a person as well as how would you minimize the presence of the bacteria on a surface or object.
- Microbes possess many different strategies to help them cause disease called virulence factors. Explain how two virulence factors work. For each virulence factor state the name of the mechanism, explain how it works and what advantage it gives the organism that helps it cause disease.Once these pathogens enter the host the difference in environmental conditions signals for them to germinate and turn into growing cells. Compare Inhalation anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) to Tetanus (Clostridium tetani). Besides endospores used in transmission, what is a simple explanation to help explain how each microbe survives and grows in each location?Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion What challenge does the presence of normal microbiota present in the definitive diagnosis and treatment of infection? a) Normal microbiota reduce the effectiveness of treatment b) Normal microbiota often resemble other pathogenic microbes. c) Normal microbiota often grow similarly to other pathogenic microbes. d) Normal microbiota often exhibit similar biochemical properties to other pathogenic microbes. *Please note there may be more than one correct response to this question.