If the input to a Playfair cipher is “Can you decipher without the key" and the output is "DBVBPYEADHLKDSXHWFPYVZWFKSBP". Derive the key used in the cipher. Explain your answer in detail. Hints: The key has only 5 characters. You should consider the characters that appear multiple times in the input such as “e" and their corresponding outputs.
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- Random J. Programmer discovers a much faster method of generating a 64-bits signature for a message using secret key technology. The idea is to simply encrypt the first 64 bits of the message, and use that as the signature. What’s wrong with this idea?You may use a software to do calculations but you have to write down the details. The correspondence of letters table: A 01 B C D E F GH I J K L M 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 TU V W X Y N O P Q R 14 15 16 17 18 Z space S 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 00 4. Decipher the message "NUMBER", which was enciphered using the blocked cipher that sends the plaintext block (x₁, x2) into the ciphertext block (y₁, y2) with 2 (22) = (₂¹9) (2) mod 27.In cryptography, a Caesar cipher is a very simple encryption techniques in which each letter in the plain text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, A would be replaced by D, B would become E, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it to communicate with his generals. ROT-13 (“rotate by 13 places”) is a widely used example of a Caesar cipher where the shift is 13. In Python, the key for ROT-13 may be represented by means of the following dictionary: key = {‘a’:’n’, ‘b’:’o’, ‘c’:’p’, ‘d’:’q’, ‘e’:’r’, ‘f’:’s’, ‘g’:’t’, ‘h’:’u’,‘i’:’v’, ‘j’:’w’, ‘k’:’x’, ‘l’:’y’, ‘m’:’z’, ‘n’:’a’, ‘o’:’b’, ‘p’:’c’,‘q’:’d’, ‘r’:’e’, ‘s’:’f’, ‘t’:’g’, ‘u’:’h’, ‘v’:’i’, ‘w’:’j’, ‘x’:’k’,‘y’:’l’, ‘z’:’m’, ‘A’:’N’, ‘B’:’O’, ‘C’:’P’, ‘D’:’Q’, ‘E’:’R’, ‘F’:’S’,‘G’:’T’, ‘H’:’U’, ‘I’:’V’, ‘J’:’W’, ‘K’:’X’, ‘L’:’Y’, ‘M’:’Z’, ‘N’:’A’,‘O’:’B’, ‘P’:’C’, ‘Q’:’D’, ‘R’:’E’, ‘S’:’F’, ‘T’:’G’, ‘U’:’H’, ‘V’:’I’,‘W’:’J’, ‘X’:’K’,…
- Transposition Cipher. As the name suggests, the basic idea of the transposition cipher is to take the message's symbols and jumble them up so that they become unreadable. The cipher decides how to move the symbols around using what's known as the key, denoted by k. To encrypt a text of length n, the key k is usually chosen to be a number between 2 and k -1 (inclusive). The exact encryption process is best described using an example. Consider encrypting the text Common_ sense_in an_uncommon_degree_is.what the_world calls_wisdom which contains 65 symbols, including spaces. The spaces are indicated by the symbol. We'll use k = 10. First, we’ll draw k boxes in a row–hence, drawing 10 boxes in our case. Following that, we'll start filling the boxes from left to right using the symbols (letters and punctuation marks) from the input text. When you run out of boxes, you create a new row of k boxes and continue filling them until you accommodate the text entirely: COmmo se in nc0 m|m gree i th…In cryptography, a Caesar cipher is a very simple encryption techniques in which each letter in the plain text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, A would be replaced by D, B would become E, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it to communicate with his generals. ROT-13 (“rotate by 13 places”) is a widely used example of a Caesar cipher where the shift is 13. In Python, the key for ROT-13 may be represented by means of the following dictionary: key = {‘a’:’n’, ‘b’:’o’, ‘c’:’p’, ‘d’:’q’, ‘e’:’r’, ‘f’:’s’, ‘g’:’t’, ‘h’:’u’,‘i’:’v’, ‘j’:’w’, ‘k’:’x’, ‘l’:’y’, ‘m’:’z’, ‘n’:’a’, ‘o’:’b’, ‘p’:’c’,‘q’:’d’, ‘r’:’e’, ‘s’:’f’, ‘t’:’g’, ‘u’:’h’, ‘v’:’i’, ‘w’:’j’, ‘x’:’k’,‘y’:’l’, ‘z’:’m’, ‘A’:’N’, ‘B’:’O’, ‘C’:’P’, ‘D’:’Q’, ‘E’:’R’, ‘F’:’S’,‘G’:’T’, ‘H’:’U’, ‘I’:’V’, ‘J’:’W’, ‘K’:’X’, ‘L’:’Y’, ‘M’:’Z’, ‘N’:’A’,‘O’:’B’, ‘P’:’C’, ‘Q’:’D’, ‘R’:’E’, ‘S’:’F’, ‘T’:’G’, ‘U’:’H’, ‘V’:’I’,‘W’:’J’, ‘X’:’K’,…Problem 1.Write computer programs for the Substitution Cipher based on Z29 which is corresponding to 26 alphabetic characters (0 - 25), space (26), and “, ” (27) “.”(28).The key is a random permutation π on Z29. Write down encryption and decryptionprograms. For the encryption, the plaintext and the key need to be input. To inputthe key, use the permutation of 0, 1, . . . , 28. The plaintext should be input as Englishletters. The out put will be the ciphertext which is also English letters. Select aparagraph of text which contains more than 25 words (I don’t think any two peoplewill choose a same paragraph if they choose independently) and encrypt it using yourencryption algorithm. Then use your decryption program to check the correctness.You can use Java. Record your plaintext, ciphertext and the key π in your answer sheet.
- A Caesar cipher is a simple substitution cipher based on the idea of shiftingeach letter of the plaintext message a fixed number (called the key) ofpositions in the alphabet. For example, if the key value is 2, the word"Sourpuss" would be encoded as "Uqwtrwuu." The original message canbe recovered by "reencoding" it using the negative of the key.Write a program that can encode and decode Caesar ciphers. The input to the program will be a string of plaintext and the value of the key.The output will be an encoded message where each character in the original message is replaced by shifting it key characters in the Unicode character set. For example, if ch is a character in the string and key is theamount to shift, then the character that replaces ch can be calculated as:chr (ord(ch) + key) .example: use the above key, if the letter "a" appeared in the message, it would be replaced with "g" since "g" in the adjacent letter. Return the encrypted message. Examples encrypt("ab c", "abc ab") → "ba cba" encrypt("otorhinolaryngological", "My name is Paul") "Mr olmeQ7: Using the same notations as in the lecture, e.g., p and q are the two primes and e and d are the public key and private key, respectively, p = 5, q = 13 and e= 5. Using the phi(n) that you found in question 6 and the Extended Euclidean algorithm yields d = 29. What is the cipher text C when encrypting M = 17?
- A Caesar cipher is a simple substitution cipher based on the idea of shifting each letter of the plaintext message a fixed number (called the key) of positions in the alphabet. For example, if the key value is 2, the word "Sourpuss" would be encoded as "Uqwtrwuu." The original message can be recovered by “reencoding" it using the negative of the key. Write a program that can encode and decode Caesar ciphers. The in- put to the program will be a string of plaintext and the value of the key. The output will be an encoded message where each character in the orig- inal message is replaced by shifting it key characters in the Unicode char- acter set. For example, if ch is a character in the string and key is the amount to shift, then the character that replaces ch can be calculated as: chr (ord (ch) + key). 62I am trying to make a password generator and I need help with making the loop and finishing it. I need it to follow an algorithm that will alphabetize the domain name the user inputs, capitalize all vowels, and add a number to the end that is the length of the domain name.You may use a software to do calculations but you have to write down the details. The correspondence of letters table: A B C D E F GH I J K L M 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 N O P Q 14 15 16 R S TU V W X Y Z space 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 00 6. Implement the RSA cryptosystem with a sofeware of your choice. (Specifica- tion: Find two probable primes p 3p/2. Submit the primes p and q. I will encode a message with a key e and return the encrypted message and the key e to you. Then you will be asked to decode the message.)