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If the net thermal energy absorbed by a steel strut is 40320 joule, find its mass in kilogram if the change in temperature is 50OC
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- Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers thermal energy at the rate of 150 MW by the radioactive decay of fission products. This heat transfer causes a rapid increase in temperature if the cooling system fails (1 watt = 1 joule/second or 1 W = 1 J/s and 1 MW = 1 megawatt). (a) Calculate the rate of temperature increase in degrees Celsius per second (C/s) if the mass of the is 1.60105 kg and it has an average specific heat of 0.3349 kJ/kg . C. (b) How long would it take to obtain a temperature increase of 2000 C, which could cause some metals holding the radioactive materials to melt? (The initial rate of temperature increase would be greater than that calculated here because the heat transfer is concentrated in a smaller mass. Later, however, the temperature increase would slow down because the 500,000-kg steel containment vessel would also begin to heat up.)At 25.0 m below the surface of the sea, where the temperature is 5.00C, a diver exhales an air bubble having a volume of 1.00 cm3. If the surface temperature of the sea is 20.0C, what is the volume of the bubble just before it breaks the surface?As the very first rudiment of climatology, estimate the temperature of Earth. Assume it is a perfect sphere and its temperature is uniform. Ignore the greenhouse effect. Thermal radiation from the Sun has an intensity (the "solar constant" S) of about 1370 W/m2 at the radius of Earth's orbit. (a) Assuming the Sun's rays are parallel, what area must S be multiplied by to get the total radiation intercepted by Earth? It will be easiest to answer in tens of Earth's radius, R. (b) Assume that Earth reflects about 30% of the solar energy it intercepts. In other words, Earth has an albedo with a value of A=0.3 . In terms of S, and R, what is the rate at which Earth absorbs energy from the Sun? (c) Find the temperature at which Earth radiates energy at the same rate. Assume that at the infrared wavelengths where it radiates, the emissivity e is 1. Does your result show that the greenhouse effect is important? (d) How does your answer depend on the area of Earth?
- Q.2/A thermocole cubical ice box of side 30 cm has a thickness of 5.0 cm. If 4.0 kg of ice is put in the box, estimate the amount of ice remaining after 6h. The outside temperature is 45C, and thermal conductivity of thermocole box is 0.01 Js'm k, knowing thatilatent heat of fusion is 335* 10 J/kg.In a warm room a naked resting person has a skin temperature of 33k°if the room temperature is 29co,what is the body surface area if the rate of heart loss due to convection is 43 watt and the convection const.(7.1watt/m?. k°) 1.8 m2 1.6 m2 1.7 m2 1.5 m?What must be the height of a 200mm diameter vertical pipe carrying hot liquid so that the surrounding area becomes 38degrees C? Note that the rate of convection is 6 KWatts and the surface of the plate is around 90degrees C. answer in meters. (3 decimal places)
- A thin, square steel plate, 10 cm on a side, is heated in a blacksmith’s forge to 800OC If theemissivity is 0.60, what is the total rate of radiation of energy from the plate?Estimate the rate of change of temperature of the ocean in degrees/century associated with 4 W/m2 of net heat input assuming that the warming goes into a column of water 1 meter x 1 meter x 1000m.On a hot dry day, evaporation from a lake has just enough heat transfer to balance the 1.00 kW/m2 of incoming heat from the Sun. How many kg of water evaporate in 1.25h from each squre meter of the lake, You assume the latent heat of vaporization for water here is Lv= 2414kJ/kg m?
- The filament of an evacuated light bulb has a length 10 cm, diameter 0.2 mm and emissivity 0.2, calculate the temperature of the filament, if the power radiated by filament is 11.4 watt.A cube of edge length 6.0 * 10-6 m, emissivity 0.75, and temperature -100C floats in an environment at -150C.What is the cube’s net thermal radiation transfer rate?(a) Cherry-red embers in a fireplace are at 850ºC and have an exposed area of 0.200 m2 and an emissivity of 0.980. The surrounding room has a temperature of 18.0ºC . If 50% of the radiant energy enters the room, what is the net rate of radiant heat transfer in kilowatts? (b) Does your answer support the contention that most of the heat transfer into a room by a fireplace comes from infrared radiation?