If the p-value has to be between 1 and 0, how do we approximate the p-value?  For example, the p-value is 0.99999999777 when I use R, but if I put the same information into the Minitab, the p-value becomes 0.  What is the rule for an approximation when it comes to the p-value? Is any p-value 0.9 and lower always going to be less than alpha=0.05?

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Q: Σ 3 to within 0.043 of its exact value. 3 Estimate the value of n =1 n

A: Solution::  Series Estimation:

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A: The Cramer’s V value is 0.20.

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A:

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A:

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A:

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A:

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A:

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A: The answer is attached below,

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Q: If H1: μ1 – μ0 > 0 and α= 0.05, what should your sample size be to achieve power = 0.9 if you're…

A:

Numerical Integration

In a mathematical investigation, numerical integration comprises a wide group of calculations for computing the mathematical estimation of definite integral, and likewise, the term is moreover in some cases used to depict the numerical solution of differential equations. The most important aspect of this theory is error analysis.