In a carburzing process, an initially 0 2% C steel gear is placed in an atmosphere that provides 1 3% C at the surface of the steel at 1000°C.How long does it take to reach a 0.45% C at a depth of 02 cm below the surface? The preexponential and activation energy are Da = 23 x 105 m?is and Qa = 148000 Jimol diffusion of C in FCC Fe at this temperature.O a 30.2 hoursOb 196 hoursOc 645 hoursOd 71 hoursO e 29 hours

Given data is Cx = 0.45 C0 = 0.2 Cs = 1.3 Activation Energy = 148000 J/mol Pre exponential factor :…

Answered: In a carbunizing process, an initially…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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|A sheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen |atmospheres on both sides at 1200°C and is per- mitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion con- |dition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 x 10-" m²/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 x 10-7 kg/m² - s. Also, it is known that the con- centration of nitrogen in the steel at the high- pressure surface is 4 kg/m³. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m³? Assume a linear concentration profile. Carbon is allowed to diffuse through a steel plate 15 mm thick. The concentrations of car- bon at the two faces are 0.65 and 0.30 kg C/m³ Fe, which are maintained constant. If the pre- exponential and activation energy are 6.2 x 10-7 m/s and 80,000 J/mol, respectively, com- pute the temperature at which the diffusion flux is 1.43 x 10-° kg/m² · s.
Copper-rich copper-beryllium alloys are precipitation hardenable. After consulting the portion of the phase diagram shown in Figure below, do the following: Composition (at% Be) 10 15 20 1000 Liquid 866°C 800 -620°C 600 a+ 12 400 (Cu) Composition (wt% Be) (i) Indicate the range of compositions over which these alloys be precipitation hardened. (ii) Describe the heat-treatment procedures (in terms of temperatures) that would be used to precipitation harden an alloy having a composition of your choosing but lying within the range given for part (i). Temper ature ("C
Carburizing is a process by which the surface (1) concentration of a ferrous alloy is (2) by diffusion from the surrounding environment at high temperatures. (1) = oxygen, (2) = increased. (1) = carbon, (2) = increased. O (1) = oxygen, (2) = decreased. (1) = carbon, (2) = decreased. %3D
1) Phosphorus is diffused into P-Si with doping of 1017 cm at T=1000 C for 1 hour by solid solubility limited process. Calculate C(0), junction depth, and total impurities diffused into the silicon.
A sheet of steel 1.8 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200°C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 x 10-1" m²/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 x 107 kg/m²-s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m’. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m³? Assume a linear concentration profile.
Carbon is allowed to diffuse through a steel plate 15 mm thick. The concentrations of car- bon at the two faces are 0.65 and 0.30 kg C/m³ Fe, which are maintained constant. If the pre- exponential and activation energy are 6.2 × 10-7 m/s and 80,000 J/mol, respectively, com- pute the temperature at which the diffusion flux is 1.43 × 10-9 kg/m² • s. S.
Think that an alloy Cu-60wt%Ag is slowly cooled from the Liquid Phase Field. How many grams of total alpha are present at 778°C? The total alloy amount is 1000grams
t 1160oC, Ferrite is less stable than austenite by 74Jmol-1. However , at this temperature it can be possible to stabilize ferrite with regard to austenite if 6 at % Si is added in the steel composition. Estimate how much Si is required to keep a ferrite microstructure up to 1160oC if this steel has to contain 0.8%Ni. The distribution coefficient of Ni between Austenite and Ferrite is 1.3.
Template Assisted Crystallization (TAC) is a a commercial softening alternative. Which of the following description is wrong O A. TAC involves the adsorption of cations and anions O B. TAC involves the crystallization of hardness ions O C. TAC involves the detachment of nanocrystalls back to the treated water O D. TAC has a greater removal efficiency for hardness than RO or ion exchange
The diffusion coefficients for species A in metal B are given at two temperatures: T (°C) D(m²/s) 1020 7.60E-17 1260 7.49E-16 (a) Determine the value of the activation energy Qd (in J/mol). i (b) Determine the value of Do. J/mol m²/s (Use scientific notation.) (c) What is the magnitude of D at 1170°C? m2/s (Use scientific notation.)
(1) For rubbers used to make elastic toys, their glass transition temperatures are v room temperature. (2) For windows that are made of amorphous silicon dioxide, their glass transition temperatures are v room temperature. (3) For a branched polymer tested at an elevated temperature, its ductility appears to be v the same material tested in a cold environment, (4) For two plates made of linear poly(vinyl chloride), the molecular weight of plate A is greater than that of plate B. It is very likely that the strength of plate A is v that of plate B, and the stiffness of plate A is v that of plate B. higher than lower than similar to » A Moving to another question will save this response.
a) Calculate the basicity and acidity of a slag composed of 41 wt% SiO2; 13 wt% FeO; 39 wt% CaO, 7 wt% MgO. (Molecular Weights; Ca: 40.08, O: 16.0, Fe: 55.85, Si: 28.08, Mg: 24.31) b) Describe the formation stage of white matte during the pyrometallurgical production of copper. Calculate the theoretical amount of Cu in the white matte. (Molecular Weights; O: 16, Fe: 55.85, Si: 28.08, Cu: 63.5, S: 32.06).

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