In a cross between a black and a white cat, all members of the Fi generation are black. The F2 generation is made up of approximately 3/4 black and 1/4 white cat. Diagram this cross, showing the genotypes and phenotypes of the parents, F, and F2 generations. (i) What is the probability that the first two offspring will be homozygous and the third is white if an Ficat is test crossed? (ii)
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- Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?In guinea pigs, rough coat (R) is dominant to smooth coat (r). If a homozygous rough-coated animal is crossed with a smooth-coated one: What will be the phenotype(s) of the F1 generation? What will be the phenotype(s) of the F2 generation? What will be the phenotype(s) of the offspring resulting from a cross of an F1 individual back to its rough parent? What will be the phenotype(s) of the offspring of a cross of an F1 individual back to its smooth parent?In dogs, dark coat color is dominant over albino, andshort hair is dominant over long hair. Assume that theseeffects are caused by two independently assorting genes.Seven crosses were done as shown below, in which D andA stand for the dark and albino phenotypes, respectively,and S and L stand for the short-hair and long-hairphenotypes.Number of progenyParental phenotypes D, S D, L A, S A, La. D, S × D, S 88 31 29 12b. D, S × D, L 19 18 0 0c. D, S × A, S 21 0 20 0d. A, S × A, S 0 0 29 9e. D, L × D, L 0 31 0 11f. D, S × D, S 45 16 0 0g. D, S × D, L 31 30 10 10Write the genotypes of the parents in each cross. Use thesymbols C and c for the dark and albino coat-color allelesand the symbols H and h for the short-hair and long-hairalleles, respectively. Assume parents are homozygousunless there is evidence otherwise.
- Pigment in the mouse is produced only when the C allele is present.Individuals of the cc genotype have no color. If color is present,it may be determined by the A and a alleles. AA or Aa resultsin agouti color, whereas aa results in black coats.(a) What F1 and F2 genotypic and phenotypic ratios areobtained from a cross between AACC and aacc mice?(b) In the three crosses shown here between agouti femaleswhose genotypes were unknown and males of the aaccgenotype, what are the genotypes of the female parents foreach of the following phenotypic ratios? (1) 8 agouti (2) 9 agouti (3) 4 agouti8 colorless 10 black 5 black 10 colorlessIn goats, development of the beard is due to a recessive gene. The following cross involving true-breeding goats was made and car- ried to the F2 generation: P;: bearded female x beardless male F1: all bearded males and beardless females ´1/8 beardless males | 3/8 bearded males 3/8 beardless females 1/8 bearded females F; × F, Offer an explanation for the inheritance and expression of this trait, diagramming the cross. Propose one or more crosses to test your hypothesis.What is a reciprocal cross? Suppose that a gene is found as a wildtype (functional) allele and a recessive mutant (nonfunctional)allele. What would be the expected outcomes of reciprocal crossesif a true-breeding normal individual was crossed to a true-breedingindividual carrying the mutant allele? What would be the results ifthe gene is maternally inherited?
- Mendelian ratios are modified in crosses involving autotetraploids.Assume that one plant expresses the dominant trait greenseeds and is homozygous (WWWW). This plant is crossed to onewith white seeds that is also homozygous (wwww). If only onedominant allele is sufficient to produce green seeds, predict theF1 and F2 results of such a cross. Assume that synapsis betweenchromosome pairs is random during meiosis.In the clover butterfly, males are always yellow, but females can beyellow or white. In females, white is a dominant allele. Two yellow butterflies were crossed to yield an F1 generation consisting of50% yellow males, 25% yellow females, and 25% white females.Describe how this trait is inherited and specify the genotypes ofthe yellow parents.In Drosophila, a cross was made between a yellowbodied male with vestigial (not fully developed)wings and a wild-type female (brown body). The F1generation consisted of wild-type males and wild-typefemales. F1 males and females were crossed, and theF2 progeny consisted of 16 yellow-bodied males withvestigial wings, 48 yellow-bodied males with normalwings, 15 males with brown bodies and vestigialwings, 49 wild-type males, 31 brown-bodied femaleswith vestigial wings, and 97 wild-type females.Explain the inheritance of the two genes in questionbased on these results.
- In a cross between a black and a white guinea pig, all members of the F1 generation are black. The F2 generation is made up of approximately 3/4 black and 1/4 white guinea pigs. (a) Diagram this cross, showing the genotypes and phenotypes. (b) What will the offspring be like if two F2 white guinea pigs are mated? (c) Two different matings were made between black members of the F2 generation, with the following results. Cross Offspring Cross 1 All black Cross 2 3/4 black, 1/4 white Diagram each of the crosses.Assume that the trihybrid cross AABBrr x aabbRR is made in a plant species. Assume that A and B are dominant alleles, but there is no dominance effect of alleles at the R locus. a) How many different gametes are possible in the F1generation? What are the genotypes of these gametes? b) What is the probability of the parental aabbRR genotype in the F2 progeny? c) What proportion of the F2 progeny would be expected to be homozygous for all three genes?Mouse fur color is affected by TWO unlinked loci. GG or Gg mice are agouti. Mice with genotype gg are albino since all pigment production is blocked, regardless of the phenotype at the second locus. At the other locus, the F allele (agouti coat) is dominant to the f allele (black coat). How many black mice would result from a cross between two agouti mice of genotype GgFf? (just write in the numeral)