In February of 2010, architects and consulting engineers all over Bastonia, were seeking out any available defense attorneys with experience in criminal law. These activities were brought on by subpoenas issued by the Attorney General of Bastonia Jose Paleri, who was looking into charges of bribes and kickbacks given to elected statesmen by engineers working in the construction industry. The subpoenas required the engineers to submit the records of their firms to the office of Attorney General of Bastonia. Leonardo Marsiano, who was a partner of Marsiano and Associates Inc.., was one of these engineers. The susequent events were highly published by Baskonia press and finally led to the resignation anddisgrace of Santana Spirola when he was the Minister of Public Works in Baskonia.
Leonardo Marsiano was an engineer trained at a prestigious university. Eventhough his firm was doing well, in case of big public-work contracts, they werecontinuously losing to other firms. In Baskonia, architectural and engineeringservices for government projects were not put out for bidding, but instead were awarded to individual firm’s using various criteria, including the ability of the firm to do the work, its performance on previous contracts, and so on. On the other hand, the contractors for construction of goverment projects were chosen by a competitive bidding process. This made it clear to Leonardo Marsiano that the abilities of his firm or his talents were not important to win a governmentcontract. What was important to get the public-works contracts was having
contacts in the government and offering bribes and kickbacks.
Leonardo Marsiano started courting Santana Spirola in 2001, who was an
ambitious young politician, promising to succeed in politics, at that time.
Leonardo Marsiano donated an equivalent of $1000 to the campaign of Santana Spirola to be elected as county mayor of small town in Bastonia. The firm of Leonardo Marsiano made this contribution, hoping to receive some of the county engineering contracts, that they were unable to be get until then. After SantanaSpirola won the election, Marsiano and Associates Inc. is awarded contracts for the county engineering-works. In return, Marsiano and Associates Inc paid 6% of their fees, which was the usual kickback paid by other engineering firms as well, to Santana Spirola.
In the years that follow, this arrangement between Santana Spirola & Marsianoand Associates Inc. continued and Marsiano and Associates Inc. became a multibillion dollar company, while Santana Spirola was later elected as the Mayor of the capital city of Bastonia, and couple of years later, became the Minister of Public Works in Baskonia eventually.
In short, these were events, which led to the investigation of the Attorney General and resulted in downfall of both Santana Spirola, the Minister of Public Works in Baskonia, and Marsiano and Associates Inc.
QUESTIONS
1) It seems that paying the government officials for receiving government
contracts in Bastonia was a common practice in Bastonia during the last
decades of 20th century. Does that mean that this practice is ethichally
acceptable? [A simple “yes” or “no” is not enough you must reinforce your
reply by refering to the related article(s) from Code of Ethics published by
either WFEO or NSPE.]
2) As an engineer, who is facing competition from other firms who are willing
to resort to bribery, what should you do?
3) What should be the best procedure for awarding the government
engineering contracts in Bastonia?
4) What are the ethical issues related to the campaign contributions given to
politician to secure future business? Can that be considered bribe? Explain,
using line-drawing technique.
5) Compare bribe and kickback.

Question

Accepted Answer

(1)
It isn't Acknowledged morally on the grounds that as indicated by the law of morals clarify in…